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Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-183313

Prospectus Supplement

(To Prospectus dated August 29, 2012)

 

$20,000,000 Common Stock

 

 

We have entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord Genuity Inc., or Canaccord, relating to shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $20,000,000.

Upon our delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the Equity Distribution Agreement, Canaccord may sell the common stock by methods deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, including sales made directly on The NASDAQ Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the common stock or to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. In addition, with our prior written approval, Canaccord may also sell the common stock by any other method permitted by law, including in privately negotiated transactions. Canaccord will act as sales agent using its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

We will pay Canaccord a commission, or allow a discount, for its services in acting as agent in the sale of common stock equal to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of all shares sold through it as agent under the Equity Distribution Agreement. See “Plan of Distribution” for information relating to certain expenses of Canaccord to be reimbursed by us.

In connection with the sale of common stock on our behalf, Canaccord may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation to Canaccord will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to Canaccord with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the trading symbol “ETRM.” On July 30, 2013, the last reported sales price for our common stock was $1.16 per share.

 

 

Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement and the discussion of risk factors contained in our annual, quarterly and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

Canaccord Genuity

The date of this prospectus supplement is July 31, 2013.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

		Page
Prospectus Supplement
About this Prospectus Supplement			S-1
Prospectus Supplement Summary			S-2
The Offering			S-5
Risk Factors			S-6
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			S-7
Use of Proceeds			S-9
Dilution			S-9
Plan of Distribution			S-10
Legal Matters			S-11
Experts			S-11
Where You Can Find More Information			S-12
Incorporation of Documents by Reference			S-12
Prospectus
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			1
ENTEROMEDICS INC.			2
RISK FACTORS			3
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			22
USE OF PROCEEDS			22
RETROACTIVE PRESENTATION FOR CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE			22
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES			23
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS			24
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK			26
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK			29
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES			31
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS			45
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS			46
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			47
LEGAL MATTERS			48
EXPERTS			48
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION			49
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE			49

 

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This prospectus supplement is a supplement to the accompanying prospectus, dated August 29, 2012, which is also a part of this document. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are part of a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-183313) that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using the “shelf” registration process, and that was declared effective on August 29, 2012. Under this “shelf” registration process, we may from time to time sell any combination of securities described in the accompanying prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total of $75,000,000.

This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of the offering and also supplements, adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into the accompanying prospectus. The second part is the accompanying prospectus, which provides more general information, some of which may not apply to the securities. Generally, when we refer to this prospectus, we are referring to both parts of this document combined. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement, on the one hand, and the information contained in the accompanying prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a document incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

This prospectus supplement contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

For purposes of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, references to the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “EnteroMedics,” and “the Company” refer to EnteroMedics Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our subsidiary, unless the context otherwise requires.

All references in this prospectus to “$,” “U.S. Dollars” and “dollars” are to United States dollars.

In the United States we have registered trademarks for VBLOC^®, ENTEROMEDICS^® and MAESTRO^®, each registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and trademark applications for VBLOC POWER TO CHOOSE and VBLOC POWER TO CHOOSE AND DESIGN. In addition, some or all of the marks VBLOC, ENTEROMEDICS, MAESTRO, MAESTRO SYSTEM ORCHESTRATING OBESITY SOLUTIONS, VBLOC POWER TO CHOOSE and VBLOC POWER TO CHOOSE AND DESIGN are the subject of either a trademark registration or application for registration in Australia, Brazil, China, the European Community, India, Kuwait, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates.

We are not making any representation to you regarding the legality of an investment in the securities by you under applicable law. We are not making an offer to sell the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities and the distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus outside the United States.

 

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth below and in the accompanying prospectus and the additional risk factors contained in our annual, quarterly and current reports, as well as any amendments thereto, as filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act, in particular the risk factors included in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified may also materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition and could result in a complete loss of your investment.

Risks Related to this Offering

We have broad discretion in the use of the proceeds of this offering and may apply the proceeds in ways with which you do not agree.

Substantially all of our net proceeds from this offering will be used, as determined by management in its sole discretion, to continue work toward regulatory approval of our product in the United States, for international commercialization efforts, for clinical and product development activities and for other working capital and general corporate purposes. Our management will have broad discretion over the use and investment of the net proceeds of this offering. The failure of our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether our proceeds are being used appropriately. Pending application of our proceeds, they may be placed in investments that do not produce income or that lose value.

You may experience immediate and substantial dilution.

The offering price per share in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value per share of our common stock outstanding prior to this offering. Assuming that an aggregate of 19,230,769 shares of our common stock are sold during the term of the Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord at a price of $1.04 per share, the closing price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on July 19, 2013, for aggregate gross proceeds of $20,000,000, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, you will experience immediate dilution of $0.53 per share, representing the difference between our as-adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2013, after giving effect to this offering and the assumed offering price. The exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants may result in further dilution of your investment. See the section entitled “Dilution” below for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you would incur if you participate in this offering.

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.

In order to raise additional capital, we may offer in the future additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference may contain forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of EnteroMedics. Statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “believes” or similar expressions are intended to identify some of the forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are included, along with this statement, for purposes of complying with the safe harbor provisions of that Act. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements due to, among others, the risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus supplement, including under “Risk Factors,” and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. Any forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference speaks only as of the date on which the statement is made, and EnteroMedics undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for EnteroMedics to predict all of the factors, nor can EnteroMedics assess the effect of each factor on its business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

Without limiting the foregoing, all statements relating to our future outlook, anticipated capital expenditures, future cash flows and borrowings, and sources of funding are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions that we believe are reasonable, but they are open to a wide range of uncertainties and business risks and actual results may differ materially from those discussed in these statements.

Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are:

 

•

our limited history of operations;

 

•

uncertainty regarding our ability to obtain regulatory approval of our Maestro System in the United States created by the preliminary results of the blinded segment of our EMPOWER trial and the blinded segment of our ReCharge trial;

 

•

uncertainty regarding approval from the regulatory body in any country other than the Australian TGA or the European Community;

 

•

limited cash resources, uncertainty regarding future financing plans and need for substantial capital;

 

•

significant delays in completing our clinical trials;

 

•

complications regarding third parties who manage our trials and perform related data collection and analysis;

 

•

physicians may not widely adopt our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy;

 

•

uncertainty regarding coverage or payment levels for our product by governmental healthcare programs and other third-party payors;

 

•

issues with our suppliers;

 

•

unanticipated product problems;

 

•

an inability to be successful in our efforts to utilize our VBLOC therapy to treat comorbidities associated with obesity and other gastrointestinal diseases and disorders;

 

•

issues with manufacturers and suppliers of various critical components of our Maestro System;

 

•

an inability to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into and maintain arrangements with third parties to market and sell our Maestro System;

 

•

risks associated with international operations;

 

•

potential for product liability claims;

 

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uncertainty in the industry due to government healthcare reform;

 

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United States federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse and false claims laws and regulations; and

 

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our competitors’ ability to develop and market products that are safer or more effective than our products.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

The proceeds from this offering will vary depending on the number of shares that we offer and the offering price per share. We may choose to raise less than the maximum $20,000,000 in gross offering proceeds permitted by this prospectus supplement.

We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to continue work toward regulatory approval of our product in the United States, for international commercialization efforts, for clinical and product development activities and for other working capital and general corporate purposes.

For the period from our inception (December 19, 2002) through March 31, 2013, we have experienced net losses of $206.6 million and cash used in operations of $174.6 million. As of March 31, 2013, we had not emerged from the development stage and had $29.6 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Assuming we do not receive any additional funds other than in this offering, we estimate that we have sufficient funds to operate into 2014 (including scheduled or potentially accelerated debt obligations). In order to fund on-going operating cash requirements beyond that point or to further accelerate and execute our business plan, including commercialization of the Maestro Rechargeable System, we will need to raise additional funds.

Since our inception, we have financed our activities principally from the sale of equity securities, debt financing and interest earned on investments. While we have been successful in the past in obtaining the necessary capital to support our operations, and have similar future plans, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional equity capital or other financing under commercially reasonable terms and conditions, or at all. Furthermore, if we issue equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, existing stockholders may experience dilution and the new equity or debt securities we issue may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. In addition, if we raise additional funds through collaboration, licensing or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to products or proprietary technologies, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable. If we cannot execute our plan to raise funds on acceptable terms, we will not be able to continue as a going concern, develop or enhance products, obtain the required regulatory clearances or approvals, execute our business plan, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressure or unanticipated customer requirements. If we are unable to obtain additional financing or the FDA does not approve the Maestro Rechargeable System for commercial use in the U.S., we may be required to reduce the scope of, delay, or eliminate some or all of, our planned research, development and commercialization activities, which could materially harm our business. Any of these events would adversely affect our ability to achieve our development and commercialization goals, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

DILUTION

Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2013 was approximately $18.7 million, or $0.34 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share is calculated by subtracting our total liabilities from our total tangible assets, which is total assets less intangible assets, and dividing this amount by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. After giving effect to the sale by us of the full $20,000,000 of common stock that may be offered in this offering at an assumed offering price of $1.04 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on July 19, 2013, and after deducting estimated offering commissions and expenses payable by us, our as-adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2013 would have been approximately $38.1 million, or $0.51 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book

 

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value of $0.17 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value of $0.53 per share to new investors. The following table illustrates this hypothetical per share dilution:

 

Assumed public offering price per share		$	1.04
Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2013		$	0.34
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering		$	0.17
As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2013, after giving effect to this offering		$	0.51
Dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering		$	0.53

The table above assumes for illustrative purposes that an aggregate of 19,230,769 shares of our common stock are sold at a price of $1.04 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on July 19, 2013, for aggregate gross proceeds of $20,000,000. The shares sold in this offering, if any, will be sold from time to time at various prices. An increase of $0.50 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $1.04 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our common stock in the aggregate amount of $20,000,000 is sold at that price, would increase our adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering to $0.56 per share and would increase the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering to $0.98 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. A decrease of $0.50 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $1.04 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our common stock in the aggregate amount of $20,000,000 is sold at that price, would decrease our adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering to $0.41 per share and would decrease the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering to $0.13 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. This information is supplied for illustrative purposes only.

To the extent that any outstanding options or warrants are exercised, new options are issued under our Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Incentive Plan or we otherwise issue additional shares of common stock in the future, there will be further dilution to new investors.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We have entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord under which we may issue and sell from time to time up to $20,000,000 of our common stock through Canaccord as our sales agent. Sales of the common stock, if any, will be made at market prices by methods deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on The NASDAQ Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the common stock, or to or through a market maker other than on an exchange.

Canaccord will offer the common stock subject to the terms and conditions of the Equity Distribution Agreement on a daily basis or as otherwise agreed upon by us and Canaccord. We will designate the maximum amount of common stock to be sold through Canaccord on a daily basis or otherwise determine such maximum amount together with Canaccord. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Equity Distribution Agreement, Canaccord will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the shares of common stock requested to be sold by us. We may instruct Canaccord not to sell common stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us in any such instruction. We or Canaccord may suspend the offering of the common

 

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stock being made through Canaccord under the Equity Distribution Agreement upon proper notice to the other party. We and Canaccord each have the right, by giving written notice as specified in the Equity Distribution Agreement, to terminate the Equity Distribution Agreement in each party’s sole discretion at any time.

The aggregate compensation payable to Canaccord as sales agent shall be equal to 2.0% of the gross sales price per share of all shares sold through it as agent under the Equity Distribution Agreement.

The remaining sales proceeds, after deducting any expenses payable by us and any transaction fees imposed by any governmental, regulatory, or self-regulatory organization in connection with the sales, will equal our net proceeds for the sale of such common stock.

Canaccord will provide written confirmation to us following the close of trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market as applicable, each day in which common stock is sold through it as sales agent under the Equity Distribution Agreement. Each confirmation will include the number of shares of common stock sold through it as sales agent on that day, the gross sales price per share, the net proceeds to us and the compensation payable by us to Canaccord.

We will report at least quarterly the number of shares of common stock sold through Canaccord under the Equity Distribution Agreement, the net proceeds to us and the compensation paid by us to Canaccord in connection with the sales of common stock.

Settlement for sales of common stock will occur, unless the parties agree otherwise, on the third business day that is also a trading day following the date on which any sales were made in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

In connection with the sales of the common stock on our behalf, Canaccord may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation to Canaccord will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed in the Equity Distribution Agreement to provide indemnification and contribution to Canaccord with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. In addition, we have agreed, under certain circumstances, to reimburse a portion of the expenses of Canaccord in connection with this offering up to a maximum of $55,000. As sales agent, Canaccord will not engage in any transactions that stabilize our common stock.

We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding commissions payable to Canaccord under the Equity Distribution Agreement, initially will be approximately $165,000. We estimate that we will incur additional expenses of approximately $35,000 per quarter in connection with this offering.

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Dorsey & Whitney LLP, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Canaccord is being represented in connection with this offering by Goodwin Procter LLP, New York, New York.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus supplement by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, and the effectiveness of EnteroMedics Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public through the Internet at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about its public reference facilities and their copy charges.

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act with respect to the common stock offered by this prospectus supplement. When used in this prospectus supplement, the term “registration statement” includes amendments to the registration statement as well as the exhibits, schedules, financial statements and notes filed as part of the registration statement or incorporated by reference therein. This prospectus supplement, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. This prospectus supplement omits information contained in the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and the common stock offered by this prospectus supplement, reference is made to the registration statement. Statements herein concerning the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement, each such statement being qualified by and subject to such reference in all respects.

INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them. This allows us to disclose important information to you by referencing those filed documents. We have previously filed the following documents with the SEC and are incorporating them by reference into this prospectus supplement:

 

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Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012;

 

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Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013;

 

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Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 24, 2013, February 7, 2013, February 8, 2013, February 12, 2013, February 20, 2013, February 22, 2013 (two reports), February 27, 2013, May 1, 2013 (Item 5.02), May 14, 2013, May 17, 2013, June 5, 2013, July 18, 2013, July 25, 2013 and July 31, 2013 (with the exception of Item 2.02, which is furnished and not filed); and

 

•

the description of our common shares contained in any registration statement on Form 8-A that we have filed, and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating this description.

We also are incorporating by reference any future information filed (rather than furnished) by us with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part and before the effective date of the registration statement and after the date of this prospectus supplement until the termination of the offering. The most recent information that we file with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes more dated information.

 

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You can obtain a copy of any documents which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, except for exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into those documents, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at:

EnteroMedics Inc.

2800 Patton Road

St. Paul, Minnesota 55113

Attention: Secretary

(651) 634-3003

 

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PROSPECTUS

 

$75,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Securities Warrants

Units

 

 

865,299 Shares of Common Stock

Offered by the Selling Stockholders

 

 

1,760,000 Shares of Common Stock

Issuable Upon the Exercise of Warrants

We may from time to time offer to sell any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, securities warrants and units described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. The aggregate initial offering price of all securities sold under this prospectus will not exceed $75,000,000.

In addition, the selling stockholders named in this prospectus may offer and sell up to 865,299 shares of common stock owned by the selling stockholders, at prices and on terms to be determined at or prior to the time of sale. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

We may also issue up to 1,760,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants previously registered and sold by us in a public offering in September 2011. These warrants have an exercise price of $1.90 per share, do not allow for cashless exercise and are exercisable for five years beginning on September 28, 2011.

This prospectus provides a general description of the respective securities that we and the selling stockholders may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide the specific terms of the securities offered in a supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in any securities. This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.

We and the selling stockholders may from time to time offer and sell our respective securities in the same offering or in separate offerings, to or through underwriters, dealers and agents or directly to purchasers. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any of these securities, the applicable prospectus supplement will provide the names of the agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions or discounts.

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ETRM.” On August 10, 2012, the closing price of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market was $3.18 per share.

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3 of this prospectus and in the documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus before making a decision to purchase our securities.

 

 

NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

 

 

The date of this prospectus is August 29, 2012.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			1
ENTEROMEDICS INC.			2
RISK FACTORS			3
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			22
USE OF PROCEEDS			22
RETROACTIVE PRESENTATION FOR CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE			22
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES			23
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS			24
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK			26
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK			29
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES			31
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS			45
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS			46
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			47
LEGAL MATTERS			48
EXPERTS			48
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION			49
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE			49

 

 

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $75,000,000. In addition, this prospectus may be used by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus to offer and sell up to 865,299 shares of our common stock as described under the heading “Selling Stockholders.” Under this prospectus we may also issue up to 1,760,000 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of warrants sold in our September 2011 public offering.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the respective securities that we and the selling stockholders may offer. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. To the extent that any statement that we make in a prospectus supplement is inconsistent with statements made in this prospectus, the statements made in this prospectus will be deemed modified or superseded by those made in the prospectus supplement. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, including all documents incorporated herein or therein by reference, together with additional information described under “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

We have not authorized any dealer, salesman or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or the accompanying prospectus supplement. This prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “EnteroMedics,” and “the Company” refer to EnteroMedics Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our subsidiary.

All references in this prospectus to “$,” “U.S. Dollars” and “dollars” are to United States dollars.

In the United States we have registered trademarks for VBLOC^®, ENTEROMEDICS^® and MAESTRO^®, each registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In addition, some or all of the marks VBLOC, MAESTRO and ENTEROMEDICS are the subject of either a trademark registration or application for registration in Australia, Brazil, China, the European Community, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland. The trademarks VBLOC, ENTEROMEDICS and MAESTRO SYSTEM ORCHESTRATING OBESITY SOLUTIONS are registered in Mexico. The trademarks VBLOC, ENTEROMEDICS and MAESTRO SYSTEM ORCHESTRATING OBESITY SOLUTIONS are the subject of pending trademark applications in the United Arab Emirates.

 

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ENTEROMEDICS INC.

We are a development stage medical device company with approvals to commercially launch our product in Australia, the European Economic Area and other countries that recognize the European CE Mark. We are focused on the design and development of devices that use neuroblocking technology to treat obesity, metabolic diseases and other gastrointestinal disorders. Our proprietary neuroblocking technology, which we refer to as VBLOC therapy, is designed to intermittently block the vagus nerve using high frequency, low energy, electrical impulses. We have a limited operating history and currently, we only have regulatory approval to sell our product in Australia, the European Economic Area and other countries that recognize the European CE Mark and do not have any other source of revenue. Our initial product is the Maestro System, which uses VBLOC therapy to affect metabolic regulatory control, limit the expansion of the stomach, help control hunger sensations between meals, reduce the frequency and intensity of stomach contractions and produce a feeling of early and prolonged fullness.

Based on our understanding of vagal nerve function and nerve blocking from our preclinical studies and the results of our clinical trials, we believe the Maestro System may offer obese patients a minimally-invasive treatment that has the potential to result in significant and sustained weight loss. We believe that our Maestro System will allow bariatric surgeons to help obese patients who are concerned about the risks and complications associated with currently available restrictive and malabsorptive surgical procedures. In addition, data from our VBLOC-DM2 ENABLE trial outside the United States demonstrate that VBLOC therapy may hold promise in improving obesity-related co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. We are conducting, or plan to conduct, further studies in each of these co-morbidities to assess VBLOC therapy’s potential in addressing multiple indications.

We continue to evaluate the Maestro System in human clinical trials in the United States, Australia, Mexico, Norway and Switzerland. To date, we have not observed any mortality related to our device or any unanticipated adverse device effects in these clinical trials. We have also not observed any long-term problematic clinical side effects in any patients, including in those patients who have been using the Maestro System for more than one year.

In October 2010, we received an unconditional Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Supplement approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to conduct a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter pivotal clinical trial, called the ReCharge trial, testing the effectiveness and safety of VBLOC therapy utilizing our second generation Maestro Rechargeable (RC) System. Enrollment and implantation in the ReCharge trial was completed in December 2011 in 233 patients at 10 centers. All patients in the study received an implanted device and were randomized in a 2:1 allocation to treatment or control groups. The control group received a non-functional device during the study period. All patients are expected to participate in a weight management counseling program. The primary endpoints of efficacy and safety will be evaluated at 12 months, or around December 2012. Assuming we achieve favorable results, we plan to use data from the trial to support a premarket approval (PMA) application for the Maestro Rechargeable System. If the FDA grants us approval, we anticipate we will be able to commercialize the Maestro Rechargeable System in the United States in 2014.

If we obtain FDA approval of our Maestro Rechargeable System we intend to market our products in the United States through a direct sales force supported by field technical and marketing managers who provide training, technical and other support services to our customers. Outside the United States we intend to use direct, dealer and distributor sales models as the targeted geography best dictates. To date, we have relied on third-party manufacturers and suppliers for the production of our Maestro System. We currently anticipate that we will continue to rely on third-party manufacturers and suppliers for the production of the Maestro System.

We obtained European CE Mark approval for our Maestro Rechargeable System in March 2011. In January 2012, the final Maestro Rechargeable System components were listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic

 

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Goods (ARTG) by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). We have been working closely with our Australian distributor, Device Technologies Australia Pty Limited (Device Technologies), to bring the Maestro Rechargeable System to the Australian market through a controlled commercial launch and made our first commercial shipment of the Maestro ReChargeable System to Device Technologies in March 2012. We also recently entered into an exclusive, multi-year agreement with Bader Sultan & Brothers Co. W.L.L. (Bader Sultan & Brothers) for commercialization and distribution of the Maestro ReChargeable System in the Gulf Coast Countries, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates and made our first commercial shipments to Bader Sultan & Brothers during the second quarter of 2012. We continue to explore additional select international markets to commercialize the Maestro Rechargeable System.

We were incorporated in Minnesota in December 2002 under the name Beta Medical, Inc. In 2003, we changed our name to EnteroMedics Inc. and in 2004 we reincorporated in Delaware. As of December 31, 2011, we had 33 employees, all of which are located in the United States. Our principal executive offices are located at 2800 Patton Road, St. Paul, Minnesota 55113, and our telephone number is (651) 634-3003.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors described below, together with the other information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K before you decide to invest in our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we do not currently believe are important to an investor, if they materialize, also may adversely affect the Company.

Risks Related to our Business and Industry

We are a clinical development stage company with a limited history of operations and approval to sell our product in limited countries outside the United States, and we cannot assure you that we will ever generate revenue or be profitable.

We are a clinical development stage company with a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business. Currently, we only have met the regulatory process required to sell our product in Australia and the European Economic Area and do not have any other source of revenue. We completed the first commercial sale of our product outside the United States in the first quarter of 2012, but do not expect to have a commercial sale within the United States until 2014, if at all. We have been engaged in research and development and clinical trials since our inception in 2002 and have invested substantially all of our time and resources in developing our VBLOC therapy, which we intend to commercialize initially in the form of our Maestro Rechargeable System. The success of our business will depend on our ability to obtain additional regulatory approvals to market our Maestro Rechargeable System and any products we may develop in the future and our ability to create product sales, successfully introduce new products, establish our sales force and control costs, all of which we may be unable to do. If we are unable to successfully develop, receive additional regulatory approvals for and commercialize our Maestro Rechargeable System for its indicated use, we may never generate revenue or be profitable and we may have to cease operations. Our lack of a significant operating history also limits your ability to make a comparative evaluation of us, our products and our prospects.

We have incurred losses since inception and we anticipate that we will continue to incur increasing losses for the foreseeable future.

We have incurred losses in each year since our formation in 2002. As of December 31, 2011, we had experienced net losses during the development stage of $176.6 million. Our net loss applicable to common stockholders for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $26.0 million, $17.3 million and $31.9 million, respectively. We have funded our operations to date principally from the sale of our securities and

 

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through the issuance of indebtedness. Development of a new medical device, including conducting clinical trials and seeking regulatory approvals, is a long, expensive and uncertain process. Although we recently met the regulatory process required to sell our Maestro Rechargeable System in Australia and the European Economic Area and commenced commercial sales in the first half of 2012 in Australia and the Middle East, we expect to incur significant sales and marketing expenses prior to recording sufficient revenue to offset these expenses. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase as we continue to add the infrastructure necessary to support our initial commercial sales, operate as a public company and develop our intellectual property portfolio. For these reasons, we expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses for the next several years. These losses, among other things, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing new medical devices, we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if ever.

We will need substantial additional funding and may be unable to raise capital when needed, which would force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or liquidate some or all of our assets.

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. We expect to continue to spend substantial amounts on research and development, including conducting current and future clinical trials for our Maestro System, and initiating the commercialization of our product. Cash used in operations was $19.9 million, $13.7 million and $24.7 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. We expect that our cash used in operations will continue to be significant in the upcoming years, and we may need to raise additional capital to continue our research and development programs, commercialize our Maestro Rechargeable System in Australia, the Middle East, other international markets, or the United States, if approved by the FDA, explore other indications for our product, and fund our ongoing operations.

Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

 

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the scope, rate of progress, results and cost of our clinical trials and other research and development activities;

 

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the cost and timing of regulatory approvals;

 

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the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

 

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the cost of establishing clinical and commercial supplies of our Maestro Rechargeable System and any products that we may develop;

 

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the rate of market acceptance of our Maestro Rechargeable System and VBLOC therapy and any other product candidates;

 

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the cost of filing and prosecuting patent applications and defending and enforcing our patent and other intellectual property rights;

 

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the cost of defending, in litigation or otherwise, any claims that we infringe third-party patent or other intellectual property rights;

 

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the effect of competing products and market developments;

 

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the cost of explanting clinical devices;

 

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the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing or other arrangements that we may establish;

 

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any revenue generated by sales of our Maestro Rechargeable System or our future products; and

 

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the extent to which we invest in products and technologies, although we currently have no commitments or agreements relating to these types of transactions.

 

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Until the time, if ever, when we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, we expect to finance our future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaboration, licensing arrangements and grants, as well as through interest income earned on cash balances.

Additional capital may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants or additional security interests in our assets. Any additional debt or equity financing that we complete may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we are unable to raise adequate funds, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate some or all of, our development programs or liquidate some or all of our assets.

We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives.

As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and NASDAQ have imposed various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations result in increased legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal controls for financial reporting and disclosure. In particular, we are required to perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal controls over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our testing may reveal deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. We have incurred and continue to expect to incur significant expense and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with Section 404. Moreover, if we do not comply with the requirements of Section 404, or if we identify deficiencies in our internal controls that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by NASDAQ, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would entail expenditure of additional financial and management resources.

Risks Associated with Development and Commercialization of Our Maestro Rechargeable System

We have not received, and may never receive, approval from the FDA or the regulatory body in any country other than the Australian TGA or the European Community to market our Maestro RC System for the treatment of obesity.

We do not have the necessary regulatory approvals to market our Maestro System in the United States or in any foreign market other than Australia for which the final components of the Maestro Rechargeable System were listed on the ARTG in January 2012, the European Community for which we received CE Mark approval for our Maestro Rechargeable System in March 2011 and other countries which accept these regulatory approvals. We commenced commercialization of our product in Australia and the Middle East in the first half of 2012.

In order to market our Maestro System outside of the United States, we will need to establish and comply with the numerous and varying regulatory requirements of other countries regarding safety and efficacy. Approval procedures vary among countries and can involve additional product testing and additional administrative review periods. The time required to obtain approval in other countries may differ from that

 

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required to obtain FDA approval. The regulatory approval process in other countries may also include all of the risks detailed below regarding FDA approval in the United States. Regulatory approval in one country does not ensure regulatory approval in another, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may negatively impact the regulatory process in others. While the Maestro Rechargeable System has been listed on the ARTG and has received European CE Marking and we commenced commercial sales in Australia and the Middle East in 2012, we cannot assure you when, or if, we will be able to commence sales in the European Economic Area or other countries outside the United States or obtain approval to market our Maestro System in other countries outside the United States.

We cannot market our product in the United States unless it has been approved by the FDA. The FDA approval process involves, among other things, successfully completing clinical trials and obtaining a premarket approval (PMA). The PMA process requires us to prove the safety and efficacy of our Maestro System to the FDA’s satisfaction. This process can be expensive and uncertain, requires detailed and comprehensive scientific and human clinical data, generally takes one to three years after a PMA application is filed, and notwithstanding the effort and expense incurred, may never result in the FDA granting a PMA approval. Because VBLOC therapy represents a novel way to effect weight loss in the treatment of obesity, and because there is a large population of obese patients who might be eligible for treatment, it is possible that the FDA and other regulatory bodies will review an application for approval of our Maestro System with greater scrutiny, which could cause that process to be lengthier and more involved than that for products without such characteristics. The FDA can delay, limit or deny approval of a PMA application for many reasons, including:

 

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our inability to demonstrate safety or effectiveness to the FDA’s satisfaction;

 

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the data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials may be insufficient to support approval;

 

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the facilities of our third-party manufacturers or suppliers may not meet applicable requirements;

 

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our failure or inability to comply with preclinical, clinical or other regulations;

 

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our inability to demonstrate through our ongoing clinical trials that the Maestro System causes excess weight loss (EWL) greater than the control therapy;

 

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our inability to meet the FDA’s statistical requirements or changes in statistical tests or significance levels the FDA requires for approval of a medical device, including ours; and

 

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changes in the FDA approval policies, expectations with regard to the type or amount of scientific data required or adoption of new regulations may require additional data or additional clinical studies.

In addition, recent, widely-publicized events concerning the safety of certain drug, food and medical device products have raised concerns among members of Congress, medical professionals, and the public regarding the FDA’s handling of these events and its perceived lack of oversight over regulated products. The increased attention to safety and oversight issues has resulted in a more cautious approach by the FDA to clearances and approvals for devices such as ours.

We may not obtain the necessary regulatory approvals to market our Maestro System in the United States or additional geographies. Even if we obtain approval, the FDA or other regulatory authorities may require expensive or burdensome post-market testing or controls. Any delay in, failure to receive or maintain, or significant limitation on approval for our Maestro System could prevent us from generating revenue or achieving profitability and we may be forced to cease operations.

The preliminary results of the blinded segment of our EMPOWER trial were not sufficient to support approval of a PMA application, and this has delayed regulatory approval of our Maestro System in the United States.

In September 2009, we completed the blinded segment of our EMPOWER pivotal trial, a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled multi-center trial of our Maestro System in the United States. Based on our initial

 

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analysis, the EMPOWER trial did not meet its primary and secondary efficacy endpoints in that the weight loss for the treatment arm was not statistically different from the control arm in which therapy was turned off. The study did meet its safety endpoint. The inability to achieve our primary and secondary efficacy endpoints in the EMPOWER trial has delayed our timeline for achieving regulatory approval of the Maestro System in the U.S. and caused us to need additional capital to fund a new pivotal trial. We may never be able to produce sufficient data to support a PMA application with the FDA or commercialize a product in the U.S.

We may be unable to complete ReCharge, a pivotal trial using our second generation Maestro RC System, or other clinical trials, or we may experience significant delays in completing our clinical trials, which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our Maestro System and impair our financial position.

In October 2010, we obtained an unconditional Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Supplement for a pivotal trial using our second generation Maestro RC System and completed enrollment and implantation of 233 patients in December 2011. Assuming we achieve favorable results, we plan to use data from that trial to support a PMA application for the Maestro System. Conducting a clinical trial of this size, which involves screening, assessing, testing, treating and monitoring patients at several sites across the country and possibly internationally, and coordinating with patients and clinical institutions, is a complex and uncertain process.

The completion of the trial, and our other ongoing clinical trials, could be delayed, suspended or terminated for several reasons, including:

 

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ongoing discussions with regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of our preclinical results or clinical trial or requests for supplemental information with respect to our preclinical results or clinical trial results;

 

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our failure or inability to conduct the clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements;

 

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sites currently participating in the trial may drop out of the trial, which may require us to engage new sites or petition the FDA for an expansion of the number of sites that are permitted to be involved in the trial;

 

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patients may not remain in or complete, clinical trials at the rates we expect;

 

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patients may experience serious adverse events or side effects during the trial, which, whether or not related to our product, could cause the FDA or other regulatory authorities to place the clinical trial on hold;

 

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clinical investigators may not perform our clinical trials on our anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical trial protocol and good clinical practices; and

 

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we may be unable to obtain a sufficient supply of our Maestro System necessary for the timely conduct of the clinical trials.

Although we believe that we have adequate personnel and procedures in place to manage the clinical trial process, the complexity of managing this process while also commercializing our Maestro Rechargeable System outside the United States and fulfilling our disclosure and other obligations to our stockholders, lenders, regulators and other constituents could result in our inadvertently taking actions outside the clinical trial process, which could adversely impact the trial. As is always the case, if the FDA ultimately determined that such actions materially violated the protocol for the trial, the FDA could suspend, terminate or reject the results of the clinical trial and require us to repeat the process.

If our clinical trials are delayed it will take us longer to ultimately commercialize a product and generate revenue in the United States or the delay could result in our being unable to do so. Moreover, our development costs will increase if we have material delays in our clinical trials or if we need to perform more or larger clinical trials than planned.

 

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Even if we obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, our efforts to commercialize our Maestro System may not succeed or may encounter delays which could significantly harm our ability to generate revenue.

Even if we obtain additional regulatory approval to market our Maestro Rechargeable System, as we recently have in Australia and the European Economic Area, our ability to generate revenue will depend upon the successful commercialization of this product. Our efforts to commercialize our Maestro Rechargeable System may not succeed for a number of reasons, including:

 

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our Maestro System may not be accepted in the marketplace by physicians, patients and third-party payors;

 

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the price of our Maestro System, associated costs of the surgical procedure and treatment and the availability of sufficient third-party reimbursement for the procedure and therapy implantation and follow-up procedures;

 

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appropriate reimbursement and/or coding options may not exist to enable billing for the system implantation and follow-up procedures;

 

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we may not be able to sell our Maestro System at a price that allows us to meet the revenue targets necessary to generate revenue for profitability;

 

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the frequency and severity of any side effects of our VBLOC therapy;

 

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physicians and potential patients may not be aware of the perceived effectiveness and sustainability of the results of VBLOC therapy provided by our Maestro System;

 

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we, or the investigators of our product, may not be able to have information on the outcome of the trials published in medical journals;

 

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the availability and perceived advantages and disadvantages of alternative treatments;

 

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any rapid technological change may make our product obsolete;

 

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we may not be able to have our Maestro System manufactured in commercial quantities or at an acceptable cost;

 

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we may not have adequate financial or other resources to complete the development and commercialization of our Maestro System or to develop sales and marketing capabilities for our Maestro System; and

 

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we may be sued for infringement of intellectual property rights and could be enjoined from manufacturing or selling our products.

Besides requiring physician adoption, market acceptance of our Maestro System will depend on successfully communicating the benefits of our VBLOC therapy to three additional constituencies involved in deciding whether to treat a particular patient using such therapy: (1) the potential patients themselves; (2) institutions such as hospitals, where the procedure would be performed and opinion leaders in these institutions; and (3) third-party payors, such as private healthcare insurers and governmental payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S., and Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) in Australia, which would ultimately bear most of the costs of the various providers and equipment involved in our VBLOC therapy. Marketing to each of these constituencies requires a different marketing approach, and we must convince each of these groups of the efficacy and utility of our VBLOC therapy to be successful.

If our VBLOC therapy, or any other neuroblocking therapy for other gastrointestinal diseases and disorders that we may develop, does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by the relevant constituencies, we may not generate significant product revenue and may not become profitable. We commenced commercial sales of our Maestro Rechargeable System in Australia and the Middle East in the first half of 2012. The earliest we expect to be able to commercialize our Maestro Rechargeable System in the United States is 2014, if at all. If we

 

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are not successful in the commercialization of our Maestro Rechargeable System for the treatment of obesity we may never generate any revenue and may be forced to cease operations.

We depend on clinical investigators and clinical sites to enroll patients in our clinical trials, and on other third parties to manage the trials and to perform related data collection and analysis, and, as a result, we may face costs and delays that are outside of our control.

We rely on clinical investigators and clinical sites to enroll patients in our clinical trials and other third parties to manage the trials and to perform related data collection and analysis. However, we may not be able to control the amount and timing of resources that clinical sites may devote to our clinical trials. If these clinical investigators and clinical sites fail to enroll a sufficient number of patients in our clinical trials, to ensure compliance by patients with clinical protocols or comply with regulatory requirements, we will be unable to complete these trials, which could prevent us from obtaining regulatory approvals for our product. Our agreements with clinical investigators and clinical trial sites for clinical testing place substantial responsibilities on these parties and, if these parties fail to perform as expected, our trials could be delayed or terminated. If these clinical investigators, clinical sites or other third parties do not carry out their contractual duties or obligations or fail to meet expected deadlines, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to their failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated, or the clinical data may be rejected by the FDA, and we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, our product.

Assuming we receive regulatory approval for the Maestro System, modifications to the Maestro System may require additional approval from regulatory authorities, which may not be obtained or may delay our commercialization efforts.

The FDA, TGA and European Notified Body require medical device companies to initially make and document a determination of whether or not a modification requires a new approval, supplement or clearance; however, some of these regulatory authorities can review a company’s decision. Any modifications to an approved device that could significantly affect its safety or efficacy, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use could require additional clinical studies and separate regulatory applications. Product changes or revisions will require all the regulatory steps and associated risks discussed above possibly including testing, regulatory filings and clinical study. We may not be able to obtain approval of supplemental regulatory approvals for product modifications, new indications for our product or new products. Delays in obtaining future clearances would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would harm our commercialization efforts and future growth.

Our neuroblocking therapy for the treatment of obesity is a unique form of treatment. Physicians may not widely adopt our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy unless they determine, based on experience, long-term clinical data and published peer reviewed journal articles, that VBLOC therapy provides a safe and effective alternative to other existing treatments for obesity.

We believe we are the first and only company currently pursuing neuroblocking therapy for the treatment of obesity. Physicians tend to be slow to change their medical treatment practices because of the time and skill required to learn a new procedure, the perceived liability risks arising from the use of new products and procedures, and the uncertainty of third-party coverage and reimbursement. Physicians may not widely adopt our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy unless they determine, based on experience, long-term clinical data and published peer reviewed journal articles, that the use of our VBLOC therapy provides a safe and effective alternative to other existing treatments for obesity, including pharmaceutical solutions and bariatric surgical procedures.

We cannot provide any assurance that the data collected from our current and planned clinical trials will be sufficient to demonstrate that our VBLOC therapy is an attractive alternative to other obesity treatment

 

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procedures. We rely on experienced and highly trained surgeons to perform the procedures in our clinical trials and both short-and long-term results reported in our clinical trials may be significantly more favorable than typical results of practicing physicians, which could negatively impact rates of adoption of our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy. We believe that published peer-reviewed journal articles and recommendations and support by influential physicians regarding our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy will be important for market acceptance and adoption, and we cannot assure you that we will receive these recommendations and support, or that supportive articles will be published.

If we fail to obtain adequate coding, coverage or payment levels for our product by governmental healthcare programs and other third-party payors, there may be no commercially viable markets for our Maestro System or other products we may develop or our target markets may be much smaller than expected.

Healthcare providers generally rely on third-party payors, including governmental payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S., and MSAC in Australia, as well as private healthcare insurers, to adequately cover and reimburse the cost of medical devices. Importantly, third-party payors are increasingly challenging the price of medical products and services and instituting cost containment measures to control or significantly influence the purchase of medical products and services. We expect that third-party payors will continue to attempt to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare by challenging the prices charged for healthcare products and services. If reimbursement for our Maestro System and the related surgery and facility costs is unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, market acceptance of our Maestro System will be impaired and our future revenue, if any, would be adversely affected. As such, even if we obtain regulatory clearance or approval for our Maestro System and begin to market it, the availability and level of third-party coverage and reimbursement could substantially affect our ability to commercialize our Maestro System and other products we may develop.

The efficacy, safety, ease of use and cost-effectiveness of our Maestro System and of any competing products will, in part, determine the availability and level of coverage and payment. In particular, we expect that securing coding, coverage and payment for our Maestro System will be more difficult if our clinical trials do not demonstrate a percentage of excess weight loss from a pre-implementation baseline that healthcare providers and obese individuals consider clinically meaningful, whether or not regulatory agencies consider the improvement of patients treated in clinical trials to have been clinically meaningful.

In some international markets, pricing of medical devices is subject to government control. In the United States and international markets, we expect that both government and third-party payors will continue to attempt to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare by challenging the prices charged for healthcare products and services. If payment for our Maestro System and the related surgery and facility costs is unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, market acceptance of our Maestro System will be impaired and our future revenue, if any, would be adversely affected.

We cannot predict the likelihood or pace of any significant regulatory or legislative action in any of these areas, nor can we predict whether or in what form healthcare legislation being formulated by various governments will be passed. We also cannot predict with precision what effect such governmental measures would have if they were ultimately enacted into law. However, in general, we believe that such legislative activity will likely continue. If adopted, such measures can be expected to have an impact on our business.

Even if our Maestro System is approved by regulatory authorities, if we or our suppliers fail to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, or if we experience unanticipated product problems, our Maestro System could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.

Completion of our clinical trials and commercialization of our Maestro System will require access to manufacturing facilities that meet applicable regulatory standards to manufacture a sufficient supply of our product. We rely solely on third parties to manufacture and assemble our Maestro System, and do not currently plan to manufacture or assemble our Maestro System ourselves in the future.

 

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Any product for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, post-approval clinical data and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual review and periodic inspections by our European Notified Body and the FDA and other regulatory bodies. In particular we and our manufacturers and suppliers are required to comply with ISO requirements, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which for medical devices is called the Quality System Regulation (QSR), and other regulations which cover the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, storage and shipping of any product for which we obtain marketing approval. The FDA enforces the QSR through inspections, which may be unannounced, and the CE system enforces its certification through inspections and audits as well. We and our third-party manufacturers and suppliers have not yet been inspected by the FDA but our quality system has received certification of compliance to the requirements of ISO 13485:2003 and will have to continue to successfully complete such inspections to maintain regulatory approvals for sales outside the United States and will have to successfully complete such inspections before we receive regulatory approvals for our Maestro System in the United States. Failure by us or one of our manufacturers or suppliers to comply with statutes and regulations administered by the FDA, CE authorities and other regulatory bodies, or failure to adequately respond to any observations, could result in enforcement actions against us or our manufacturers or suppliers, including, restrictions on our product or manufacturing processes, withdrawal of the product from the market, voluntary or mandatory recall, fines, suspension of regulatory approvals, product seizures, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.

If any of these actions were to occur it would harm our reputation and cause our product sales to suffer. Furthermore, our key component suppliers may not currently be or may not continue to be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. If the FDA or any other regulatory body finds their compliance status to be unsatisfactory, our commercialization efforts could be delayed, which would harm our business and our results of operations.

Even if regulatory approval of a product is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed. If the FDA determines that our promotional materials, training or other activities constitute promotion of an unapproved use, we could be subject to significant liability, the FDA could request that we cease, correct or modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory enforcement actions. It is also possible that other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities might take action if they consider our training or other promotional materials to constitute promotion of an unapproved use, which could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement.

We will be subject to medical device reporting regulations (MDR) that require us to report to the FDA, TGA, Competent Authorities or other governmental authorities in other countries if our products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury or malfunction in a way that would be reasonably likely to contribute to death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. The FDA, TGA and similar governmental authorities in other countries have the authority to require the recall of our products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacturing. A government mandated, or voluntary, recall by us could occur as a result of component failures, manufacturing errors or design defects, including defects in labeling. Any recall would divert managerial and financial resources and could harm our reputation with customers. There can be no assurance that there will not be product recalls in the future or that such recalls would not have a material adverse effect on our business. Once the product is approved and implanted in a large number of patients, infrequently occurring adverse events may appear that were not observed in the clinical trials. This could cause health authorities in countries where the product is available to take regulatory action, including marketing suspension and recall.

We may not be successful in our efforts to utilize our VBLOC therapy to treat co-morbidities associated with obesity and other gastrointestinal diseases and disorders.

As part of our long-term business strategy, we plan to research the application of our VBLOC therapy to treat co-morbidities associated with obesity and other gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. Research to identify

 

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new target applications requires substantial technical, financial and human resources, whether or not any new applications for our VBLOC therapy are ultimately identified. We may be unable to identify or pursue other applications of our technology. Even if we identify potential new applications for our VBLOC therapy, investigating the safety and efficacy of our therapy requires extensive clinical testing, which is expensive and time-consuming. If we terminate a clinical trial in which we have invested significant resources, our prospects will suffer, as we will have expended resources on a program that will not provide a return on our investment and missed the opportunity to allocate those resources to potentially more productive uses. We will also need to obtain regulatory approval for these new applications, as well as achieve market acceptance and an acceptable level of reimbursement.

We depend on a limited number of manufacturers and suppliers of various critical components for our Maestro System. The loss of any of these manufacturer or supplier relationships could delay our clinical trials or prevent or delay commercialization of our Maestro System.

We rely entirely on third parties to manufacture our Maestro System and to supply us with all of the critical components of our Maestro System, including our leads, implantable batteries, neuroregulators, transmit coils and controllers. If any of our existing suppliers were unable or unwilling to meet our demand for product components, or if the components or finished products that they supply do not meet quality and other specifications, clinical trials or commercialization of our product could be delayed. Alternatively, if we have to switch to a replacement manufacturer or replacement supplier for any of our product components, we may face additional regulatory delays, and the manufacture and delivery of our Maestro System could be interrupted for an extended period of time, which could delay completion of our clinical trials or commercialization of our Maestro System. In addition, we may be required to use different suppliers or components to obtain regulatory approval from the FDA.

If our device manufacturers or our suppliers are unable to provide an adequate supply of our product following the commencement of commercialization, our growth could be limited and our business could be harmed.

In order to produce our Maestro System in the quantities that we anticipate will be required to meet anticipated market demand, we will need our manufacturers to increase, or scale-up, the production process by a significant factor over our current level of production. There are technical challenges to scaling-up manufacturing capacity and developing commercial-scale manufacturing facilities that may require the investment of substantial additional funds by our manufacturers and hiring and retaining additional management and technical personnel who have the necessary manufacturing experience. If our manufacturers are unable to do so, we may not be able to meet the requirements for the initial commercial launch of the product or to meet future demand, if any. We may also represent only a small portion of our supplier’s or manufacturer’s business and if they become capacity constrained they may choose to allocate their available resources to other customers that represent a larger portion of their business. We currently anticipate that we will continue to rely on third-party manufacturers and suppliers for the production of the Maestro System. If we develop and obtain regulatory approval for our product and are unable to obtain a sufficient supply of our product, our revenue, business and financial prospects would be adversely affected.

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into and maintain arrangements with third parties to market and sell our Maestro System, our business may be harmed.

We do not have a sales organization and have no experience as a company in sales, marketing and distribution of our product. We have entered into an agreement with Device Technologies, a third-party distributor in Australia, to commence the commercial sale of our product in Australia and we have entered into an agreement with Bader Sultan & Brothers, a third-party distributor in Kuwait, to commence the commercial sale of our product in the Middle East. To generate sales in Australia and launch the commercialization of our product in other geographic regions we may need to identify and enter into other third-party distributor agreements. There is no assurance that we can do so on economically acceptable terms or that if we do so, that

 

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third party will be successful in selling our product. We will also need to develop a sales and marketing infrastructure or contract with third parties to perform that function before launching the commercialization of our product in markets outside of Australia and the Middle East. Developing a sales force is expensive and time consuming and could delay or limit the success of any product launch. Even if we obtain approval from the FDA to market our Maestro System, we may be unable to develop an effective sales and marketing organization on a timely basis, if at all. If we develop our own sales and marketing capabilities, our sales force will be competing with the experienced and well-funded marketing and sales organizations of our more established competitors. If we are unable to establish our own sales and marketing capabilities, we will need to contract with third parties to market and sell our product. In this event, our profit margins would likely be lower than if we performed these functions ourselves. In addition, we would necessarily be relying on the skills and efforts of others for the successful marketing of our product. If we are unable to establish and maintain effective sales and marketing capabilities, independently or with others, we may not be able to generate product revenue and may not become profitable.

The commercialization of our product in countries outside of the United States will expose our business to certain risks associated with international operations.

We have commenced commercialization of our product internationally, in Australia and the Middle East, and intend to commercialize our product in other international markets in which we obtain necessary regulatory approvals. Conducting international operations will subject us to unique risks, including:

 

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unfamiliar legal requirements with which we would need to comply;

 

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fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

 

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potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value added tax systems and restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;

 

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increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities; and

 

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reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.

The occurrence of any one of these risks could negatively affect our business and results of operations generally. Additionally, operating in international markets requires significant management attention. We cannot be certain that investments required to establish operations in other countries will produce desired levels of revenues or profitability.

We may be unable to attract and retain management and other personnel we need to succeed.

Our success depends on the services of our senior management and other key research and development employees. The loss of the services of one or more of our officers or key employees could delay or prevent the successful completion of our clinical trials and the commercialization of our Maestro System. Upon receiving regulatory approval for our product in the United States, we expect to expand our operations and grow our research and development, product development and administrative operations. Our growth will require hiring a number of qualified clinical, scientific, commercial and administrative personnel. Accordingly, recruiting and retaining such personnel in the future will be critical to our success. There is intense competition from other companies and research and academic institutions for qualified personnel in the areas of our activities. If we fail to identify, attract, retain and motivate these highly skilled personnel, we may be unable to continue our development and commercialization activities.

We may be unable to manage our growth effectively.

Our business strategy entails significant future growth. For example, we will have to expand existing operations in order to conduct additional clinical trials, increase our contract manufacturing capabilities, hire and train new personnel to handle the marketing and sales of our product, assist patients and healthcare providers in obtaining reimbursement for the use of our product and create and develop new applications for our technology. This growth may place significant strain on our management and financial and operational resources. Successful growth is also dependent upon our ability to implement appropriate financial and management controls, systems

 

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and procedures. Our ability to effectively manage growth depends on our success in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, for which the competition may be intense. If we fail to manage these challenges effectively, our business could be harmed.

We face the risk of product liability claims that could be expensive, divert management’s attention and harm our reputation and business. We may not be able to obtain adequate product liability insurance.

Our business exposes us to a risk of product liability claims that is inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of medical devices. The medical device industry has historically been subject to extensive litigation over product liability claims. We may be subject to product liability claims if our Maestro System, or any other products we may sell, causes, or appears to have caused, an injury. Claims may be made by consumers, healthcare providers, third-party strategic collaborators or others selling our products.

We have product liability insurance, which covers the use of our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy in our clinical trials and any commercial sales, in an amount we believe is appropriate. Our current product liability insurance may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, and, if available, the coverage may not be adequate to protect us against any future product liability claims. If we are unable to obtain insurance at an acceptable cost and on acceptable terms for an adequate coverage amount, or otherwise to protect against potential product liability claims, we could be exposed to significant liabilities, which may harm our business. A product liability claim, recall or other claim with respect to uninsured liabilities or for amounts in excess of insured liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These liabilities could prevent or interfere with our product commercialization efforts. Defending a suit, regardless of merit, could be costly, could divert management attention and might result in adverse publicity, which could result in the withdrawal of, or inability to recruit, clinical trial volunteers or result in reduced acceptance of our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy in the market.

We may be subject to product liability claims even if it appears that the claimed injury is due to the actions of others. For example, we rely on the expertise of surgeons and other associated medical personnel to perform the medical procedure to implant and remove our Maestro System and to perform the related VBLOC therapy. If these medical personnel are not properly trained or are negligent, the therapeutic effect of our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy may be diminished or the patient may suffer critical injury, which may subject us to liability. In addition, an injury that is caused by the negligence of one of our suppliers in supplying us with a defective component that injures a patient could be the basis for a claim against us. A product liability claim, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in decreased demand for our products; injury to our reputation; diversion of management’s attention; withdrawal of clinical trial participants; significant costs of related litigation; substantial monetary awards to patients; product recalls or market withdrawals; loss of revenue; and the inability to commercialize our products under development.

We may be subject, directly or indirectly, to United States federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse and false claims laws and regulations. Prosecutions under such laws have increased in recent years and we may become subject to such litigation. If we are unable to, or have not fully complied with such laws, we could face substantial penalties.

If we are successful in achieving regulatory approval to market our Maestro System, our operations will be directly, or indirectly through our customers, subject to various state and federal fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and federal False Claims Act. These laws may impact, among other things, our proposed sales, marketing and education programs.

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce

 

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referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the statute has been violated. The Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and, despite a series of narrow safe harbors, prohibits many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the healthcare industry. Penalties for violations of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute include criminal penalties and civil sanctions such as fines, imprisonment and possible exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs. Many states have also adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, some of which apply to the referral of patients for healthcare items or services reimbursed by any source, not only the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

The federal False Claims Act prohibits persons from knowingly filing, or causing to be filed, a false claim to, or the knowing use of false statements to obtain payment from the federal government. Suits filed under the False Claims Act, known as “qui tam” actions, can be brought by any individual on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “whistleblowers,” may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. The frequency of filing qui tam actions has increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of medical device, pharmaceutical and healthcare companies to have to defend a False Claim Act action. When an entity is determined to have violated the federal False Claims Act, it may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus civil penalties for each separate false claim. Various states have also enacted laws modeled after the federal False Claims Act.

We are unable to predict whether we could be subject to actions under any of these laws, or the impact of such actions. If we are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above and other applicable state and federal fraud and abuse laws, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from government healthcare reimbursement programs and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations.

We operate in a highly competitive industry that is subject to rapid change. If our competitors are able to develop and market products that are safer or more effective than our products, our commercial opportunities will be reduced or eliminated.

The health care industry is highly competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. The obesity treatment market in which we operate has grown significantly in recent years and is expected to continue to expand as technology continues to evolve and awareness of the need to treat the obesity epidemic grows. Although we are not aware of any competitors in the neuroblocking market, we face potential competition from pharmaceutical and surgical obesity treatments. Many of our competitors in the obesity treatment field have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing approved products than we do. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly if they pursue competing solutions through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies, such as Allergan, Cyberonics, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic or St. Jude Medical. Our competitors may develop and patent processes or products earlier than us, obtain regulatory approvals for competing products more rapidly than we are able to and develop more effective, safer and less expensive products or technologies that would render our products non-competitive or obsolete.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we are unable to obtain or maintain intellectual property rights relating to our technology and neuroblocking therapy, the commercial value of our technology and any future products will be adversely affected and our competitive position will be harmed.

Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to obtain protection in the United States and other countries for our Maestro System and VBLOC therapy by establishing and maintaining intellectual property rights relating to or incorporated into our technology and products. As of December 31, 2011, we had 22 issued U.S. patents, 20 of which pertain to treating gastrointestinal disorders, and 14 U.S. patent applications including one case with a notice of allowance. We have four granted European patents and four granted Australian patents.

 

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We also have 26 national stage patent applications, including applications in Australia, China, India, Europe and Japan. In addition, we are the exclusive licensee to one U.S. patent owned by Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, which is unrelated to our VBLOC therapy. Our pending and future patent applications may not issue as patents or, if issued, may not issue in a form that will provide us any competitive advantage. We expect to incur substantial costs in obtaining patents and, if necessary, defending our proprietary rights. The patent positions of medical device companies, including ours, can be highly uncertain and involve complex and evolving legal and factual questions. We do not know whether we will obtain the patent protection we seek, or that the protection we do obtain will be found valid and enforceable if challenged. If we fail to obtain adequate protection of our intellectual property, or if any protection we obtain is reduced or eliminated, others could use our intellectual property without compensating us, resulting in harm to our business. We may also determine that it is in our best interests to voluntarily challenge a third party’s products or patents in litigation or administrative proceedings, including patent interferences or re-examinations. In the event that we seek to enforce any of our owned or exclusively licensed patents against an infringing party, it is likely that the party defending the claim will seek to invalidate the patents we assert, which, if successful could result in the loss of the entire patent or the relevant portion of our patent, which would not be limited to any particular party. Any litigation to enforce or defend our patent rights, even if we were to prevail, could be costly and time-consuming and could divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. Even if we were to prevail in any litigation, we cannot assure you that we can obtain an injunction that prevents our competitors from practicing our patented technology. Our competitors may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or products without infringing any of our patent or other intellectual property rights, or may design around our proprietary technologies.

We cannot assure you that we will obtain any patent protection that we seek, that any protection we do obtain will be found valid and enforceable if challenged or that it will confer any significant commercial advantage. U.S. patents and patent applications may also be subject to interference proceedings and U.S. patents may be subject to re-examination proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and foreign patents may be subject to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign patent offices, which proceedings could result in either loss of the patent or denial of the patent application, or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of, the patent or patent application. In addition, such interference, re-examination and opposition proceedings may be costly. Moreover, the U.S. patent laws may change, possibly making it easier to challenge patents. Some of our technology was, and continues to be, developed in conjunction with third parties, and thus there is a risk that such third parties may claim rights in our intellectual property. Thus, any patents that we own or license from others may provide limited or no protection against competitors. Our pending patent applications, those we may file in the future, or those we may license from third parties, may not result in patents being issued. If issued, they may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar technology.

Non-payment or delay in payment of patent fees or annuities, whether intentional or unintentional, may result in loss of patents or patent rights important to our business. Many countries, including certain countries in Europe, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, which could materially diminish the value of the patent. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States, particularly in the field of medical products and procedures.

Many of our competitors have significant resources and incentives to apply for and obtain intellectual property rights that could limit or prevent our ability to commercialize our current or future products in the United States or abroad.

Many of our competitors who have significant resources and have made substantial investments in competing technologies may seek to apply for and obtain patents that will prevent, limit or interfere with our

 

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ability to make, use or sell our products either in the United States or in international markets. Our current or future U.S. or foreign patents may be challenged, circumvented by competitors or others or may be found to be invalid, unenforceable or insufficient. Since patent applications are confidential until patents are issued in the United States, or in most cases, until after 18 months from filing of the application, or corresponding applications are published in other countries, and since publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications, or that we were the first to file patent applications for such inventions.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information and know-how, the value of our technology and products could be adversely affected.

In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented proprietary technology, trade secrets, processes and know-how. We generally seek to protect this information by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, scientific advisors and third parties. These agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors. To the extent that our employees, consultants or contractors use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions.

Intellectual property litigation is a common tactic in the medical device industry to gain competitive advantage. If we become subject to a lawsuit, we may be required to expend significant financial and other resources and our management’s attention may be diverted from our business.

There has been a history of frequent and extensive litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in the medical device industry, and companies in the medical device industry have employed intellectual property litigation to gain a competitive advantage. Accordingly, we may become subject to patent infringement claims or litigation in a court of law, or interference proceedings declared by the USPTO to determine the priority of inventions or an opposition to a patent grant in a foreign jurisdiction. We may also become subject to claims or litigation seeking payment of royalties based on sales of our product in connection with licensing or similar joint development arrangements with third parties or in connection with claims of patent infringement. The defense and prosecution of intellectual property suits, USPTO interference or opposition proceedings and related legal and administrative proceedings, are both costly and time consuming and could result in substantial uncertainty to us. Litigation or regulatory proceedings may also be necessary to enforce patent or other intellectual property rights of ours or to determine the scope and validity of other parties’ proprietary rights. Any litigation, opposition or interference proceedings, with or without merit, may result in substantial expense to us, cause significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of our technical and management personnel and harm our reputation. We may not have the financial resources to defend our patents from infringement or claims of invalidity. An adverse determination in any litigation could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to seek licenses from or pay royalties to third parties or prevent us from manufacturing, selling or using our proposed products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. We are not currently a party to any patent or other litigation.

Our VBLOC therapy or Maestro System may infringe or be claimed to infringe patents that we do not own or license, including patents that may issue in the future based on patent applications of which we are currently aware, as well as applications of which we are unaware. For example, we are aware of other companies that are investigating neurostimulation, including neuroblocking, and of patents and published patent applications held by companies in those fields. While we believe that none of such patents and patent applications are applicable to our products and technologies under development, third parties who own or control these patents and patent applications in the United States and abroad could bring claims against us that would cause us to incur substantial expenses and, if such claims are successfully asserted against us, they could cause us to pay substantial damages, could result in an injunction preventing us from selling, manufacturing or using our proposed products and would divert management’s attention. Because patent applications in many countries such as the United States are maintained under conditions of confidentiality and can take many years to issue, there may be applications now

 

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pending of which we are unaware and which may later result in issued patents that our products infringe. If a patent infringement suit were brought against us, we could be forced to stop our ongoing or planned clinical trials, or delay or abandon commercialization of the product that is subject of the suit.

As a result of patent infringement claims, or to avoid potential claims, we may choose or be required to seek a license from a third party and be required to pay license fees or royalties, or both. A license may not be available at all or on commercially reasonable terms, and we may not be able to redesign our products to avoid infringement. Modification of our products or development of new products could require us to conduct additional clinical trials and to revise our filings with the FDA and other regulatory bodies, which would be time-consuming and expensive. Even if we were able to obtain a license, the rights may be nonexclusive, which could result in our competitors gaining access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, we could be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we are unable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms. This could harm our business significantly.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The trading price of our common stock has been volatile and is likely to be volatile in the future.

The trading price of our common stock has been highly volatile. Further, our common stock has a limited trading history. Since our public offering in November 2007 through February 29, 2012 our stock price has fluctuated from a low of $1.52 to a high of $64.62, as adjusted for the 1-for-6 reverse split of our common stock that was effected on July 9, 2010. The market price for our common stock will be affected by a number of factors, including:

 

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the denial or delay of regulatory clearances or approvals of our product or receipt of regulatory approval of competing products;

 

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our ability to accomplish clinical, regulatory and other product development milestones and to do so in accordance with the timing estimates we have publicly announced;

 

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changes in policies affecting third-party coverage and reimbursement in the United States and other countries;

 

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changes in government regulations and standards affecting the medical device industry and our product;

 

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ability of our product, if it receives regulatory approval, to achieve market success;

 

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the performance of third-party contract manufacturers and component suppliers;

 

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our ability to develop sales and marketing capabilities;

 

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actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors;

 

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announcements of new products, technological innovations or product advancements by us or our competitors;

 

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developments with respect to patents and other intellectual property rights;

 

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sales of common stock or other securities by us or our stockholders in the future;

 

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additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel;

 

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disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies;

 

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trading volume of our common stock;

 

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changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts, failure to obtain or maintain analyst coverage of our common stock or our failure to achieve analyst earnings estimates;

 

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•

public statements by analysts or clinicians regarding their perceptions of our clinical results or the effectiveness of our products;

 

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decreases in market valuations of medical device companies; and

 

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general market conditions and other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors.

The stock prices of many companies in the medical device industry have experienced wide fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. Following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation often has been initiated against a company. If class action litigation is initiated against us, we may incur substantial costs and our management’s attention may be diverted from our operations, which could significantly harm our business.

Our inability to comply with the listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market could result in our common stock being delisted, which could affect its market price and liquidity and reduce our ability to raise capital.

We are required to meet certain qualitative and financial tests (including a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for our common stock) to maintain the listing of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market. If we do not maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements for the NASDAQ Capital Market within specified periods and subject to permitted extensions, our common stock may be recommended for delisting (subject to any appeal we would file). If our common stock were delisted, it could be more difficult to buy or sell our common stock and to obtain accurate quotations, and the price of our stock could suffer a material decline. Delisting would also impair our ability to raise capital.

The low trading volume of our common stock may adversely affect the price of our shares.

Although our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market, our common stock has experienced low trading volume. Reported average daily trading volume in our common stock for the three month period ended December 31, 2011, was approximately 46,803 shares. Although we believe that recent offerings will improve the liquidity for our common stock, there is no assurance that the recent offerings will increase the volume of trading in our common stock. Limited trading volume subjects our common stock to greater price volatility and may make it difficult for you to sell your shares at a price that is attractive to you.

Our directors and executive officers hold a significant amount of our outstanding stock and could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including changes of control.

Our executive officers and directors and entities affiliated with them beneficially own, in the aggregate (including options and warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of December 31, 2011), approximately 31.9% of our outstanding common stock. Our executive officers, directors and affiliated entities, if acting together, could be able to influence significantly all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other significant corporate transactions. The concentration of ownership of our common stock may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and may affect the market price of our common stock. This concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market by existing stockholders, or the perception that they may occur, could cause our stock price to decline.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock by us or by our stockholders, announcements of the proposed sales of substantial amounts of our common stock or the perception that substantial sales may be made, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We may issue additional shares of our common

 

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stock in follow-on offerings to raise additional capital or in connection with acquisitions or corporate alliances and we plan to issue additional shares to our employees, directors or consultants in connection with their services to us. All of the currently outstanding shares of our common stock are freely tradable under federal and state securities laws, except for shares held by our directors, officers and certain greater than five percent stockholders, which may be subject to volume limitations. Due to these factors, sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time and could reduce the market price of our common stock.

In addition, certain of our stockholders and warrantholders have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their shares or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or other stockholders. If we were to include in a company-initiated registration statement shares held by those holders pursuant to the exercise of their registration rights, the sale of those shares could impair our ability to raise needed capital by depressing the price at which we could sell our common stock.

Our organizational documents and Delaware law make a takeover of our company more difficult, which may prevent certain changes in control and limit the market price of our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law contain provisions that may have the effect of deterring or delaying attempts by our stockholders to remove or replace management, engage in proxy contests and effect changes in control. These provisions include:

 

•

the ability of our board of directors to create and issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used to implement anti-takeover devices;

 

•

the authority for our board of directors to issue without stockholder approval up to the number of shares of common stock authorized in our certificate of incorporation, that, if issued, would dilute the ownership of our stockholders;

 

•

the advance notice requirement for director nominations or for proposals that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings;

 

•

a classified and staggered board of directors, which may make it more difficult for a person who acquires control of a majority of our outstanding voting stock to replace all or a majority of our directors;

 

•

the prohibition on actions by written consent of our stockholders;

 

•

the limitation on who may call a special meeting of stockholders;

 

•

the prohibition on stockholders accumulating their votes for the election of directors; and

 

•

the ability of stockholders to amend our bylaws only upon receiving a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of all outstanding shares then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder unless certain specific requirements are met as set forth in Section 203. These provisions, alone or together, could have the effect of deterring or delaying changes in incumbent management, proxy contests or changes in control.

These provisions also could discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. The existence of these provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may deter third parties from acquiring us, which may limit the market price of our common stock.

 

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We have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future, and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our common stock.

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on our earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as our board of directors may consider relevant. Our credit agreement also restricts our ability to pay dividends. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.

Our Board of Directors has the power to issue series of preferred stock and to designate the rights and preferences of these series, which could adversely affect the voting power, dividend, liquidation and other rights of holders of our common stock.

Under our certificate of incorporation, our Board of Directors has the power to issue series of preferred stock and to designate the rights and preferences of those series. Therefore, our Board of Directors may designate a new series of preferred stock with the rights, preferences and privileges that the Board of Directors deems appropriate, including special dividend, liquidation and voting rights. The creation and designation of a new series of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power, dividend, liquidation and other rights of holders of our common stock and, possibly, any other class or series of stock that is then in existence.

Except for our common stock, there is no public market for the securities that we may offer using this prospectus.

Except for our common shares, no public market exists for the securities that we may offer using this prospectus, and we cannot assure the liquidity of any market that may develop, the ability of the holders of the securities to sell their securities or the price at which the securities may be sold. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market. We may not apply for listing of any other securities that we may offer using this prospectus on any securities exchange or for quotation through the NASDAQ system. Future trading prices of the securities will depend on many factors including, among others, prevailing interests rates, our operating results and the market for similar securities.

Any debt securities that we may issue could contain covenants that may restrict our ability to obtain financing, and our noncompliance with one of these restrictive covenants could lead to a default on those debt securities and any other indebtedness.

If we issue debt securities covered by this prospectus or any future indebtedness, those securities or future indebtedness may be subject to restrictive covenants, some of which may limit the way in which we can operate our business and significantly restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness or to issue preferred stock. Noncompliance with any covenants under that indebtedness, unless cured, modified or waived, could lead to a default not only with respect to that indebtedness, but also under any other indebtedness that we may incur. If this were to happen, we might not be able to repay or refinance all of our debt.

If we issue a large amount of debt, it may be more difficult for us to obtain financing, will increase the cost of our debt and may magnify the results of any default under any of our outstanding indebtedness.

The issuance of debt securities could increase our debt-to-equity ratio or leverage, which may in turn make it more difficult for us to obtain future financing. In addition, the issuance of any debt securities will increase the amount of interest we will need to pay, except to the extent that the proceeds from the issuance of debt securities are used to repay other outstanding indebtedness. Finally, our level of indebtedness, and in particular any significant increase in it, may make us more vulnerable if there is a downturn in our business or the economy.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference may contain forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of EnteroMedics. Statements preceded by, followed by or that include words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “believes” or similar expressions are intended to identify some of the forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are included, along with this statement, for purposes of complying with the safe harbor provisions of that Act. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements due to, among others, the risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus, including under “Risk Factors,” and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Any forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference speaks only as of the date on which the statement is made, and EnteroMedics undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for EnteroMedics to predict all of the factors, nor can EnteroMedics assess the effect of each factor on its business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities and exercise of warrants under this prospectus to continue work toward regulatory approval of our product in the United States, for international commercialization efforts, for clinical and product development activities and for other working capital and general corporate purposes. The prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering of securities by us will identify the use of proceeds for that offering. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders.

RETROACTIVE PRESENTATION FOR CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE

During the first quarter of 2012, we adopted the accounting standard regarding the presentation of comprehensive income. This standard was issued to increase the prominence of items reported in other comprehensive income. We have presented all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity in two separate, but consecutive statements in our consolidated financial statements. The standard does not change the following: items that must be reported in other comprehensive income, when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income, the requirement to disclose the tax effect for each component of other comprehensive income or how earnings per share is calculated or presented. Our other comprehensive loss relates to changes in unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale investments.

The following presents the retroactive presentation of the accounting standard regarding the presentation of comprehensive income for each of the three years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 

		2011				2010				2009
Net loss		$	(25,997,322	)		$	(17,347,387	)		$	(31,929,200	)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale investments			692				—				(12,988	)
Comprehensive loss		$	(25,996,630	)		$	(17,347,387	)		$	(31,942,188	)

 

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RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

Our ratio of earnings to fixed charges for each of the years indicated is as follows:

 

		Year Ended December 31,																				Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
		2007				2008				2009				2010				2011
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges			—				—				—				—				—				—
Deficiency of earnings available to cover fixed charges		$	(28,575	)		$	(37,874	)		$	(31,929	)		$	(17,347	)		$	(25,997	)		$	(10,587	)

For purposes of computing these ratios, earnings represent loss before income taxes plus fixed charges and fixed charges represent interest expense, amortization of commitment fees, debt issuance costs and original issue discount and the estimated interest component of rent expense.

In each of the periods presented, there were insufficient earnings available to cover fixed charges. As a result, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges was less than 1.0 for these years. The deficiencies of earnings to fixed charges for these years are presented in the table above.

We have not included a ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends because we do not have any preferred stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus.

 

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

The selling stockholders named in the table below may from time to time offer and sell pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement up to 865,299 shares of our common stock. When we refer to “selling stockholders” in this prospectus, we mean those persons listed in the table below, as well as their transferees, pledgees or donees or their successors.

All of the shares of common stock being registered for resale by the selling stockholders were issued upon conversion of shares of preferred stock issued by us in one or more of the following private placements prior to our initial public offering in November 2007 (the IPO): (i) our Series A Preferred Stock financing, which had multiple closings in 2002 and 2003, (ii) our Series B Preferred Stock financing, which closed in 2005 and (iii) our Series C Preferred Stock financing, which had multiple closings in 2006. All of the shares of preferred stock issued in these private placements automatically converted into shares of our common stock upon the completion of our IPO. All of the selling stockholders’ shares included herein are being registered pursuant to the exercise of certain registration rights held by the selling stockholders. See “Description of Common Stock—Registration Rights.”

The following table sets forth certain information based on information provided to us by or on behalf of the selling stockholders in July 2012. Except as set forth in the table below, none of the selling stockholders has had a material relationship with us within the past three years. The number of shares in the column “Number of Shares Registered for Sale Hereby” represents all of the shares that each selling stockholder may offer under this prospectus. The selling stockholders may sell some, all or none of their shares. In addition, the selling stockholders may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of all or a portion of their shares since the date on which they provided the information regarding their shares in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act). For purposes of the table below, we have assumed that the selling stockholders will sell all of their shares offered pursuant to this prospectus and that any other shares of our common stock beneficially owned by the selling stockholders will continue to be beneficially owned.

 

Selling Stockholders		Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering(1)				Number of Shares Registered for Sale Hereby(2)				Number of Shares to be Owned after Completion of the Offering(3)				Percent of Outstanding Shares to be Owned after Completion of the Offering(4)
Donald C. Harrison, M.D.(5)(8)			563,266				697				500,872				1.3	%
Aberdare II Annex Fund, L.P.(6)			1,202,847				23,513				1,179,334				3.0	%
Aberdare Ventures II (Bermuda), L.P.(6)			4,951				2,670				2,281				*
Aberdare Ventures II, L.P.(6)			238,566				117,741				120,825				*
Bay City Capital Fund IV Co-Investment Fund, L.P.(7)			8,551,857				4,727				8,327,833				21.0	%
Bay City Capital Fund IV, L.P.(7)			8,551,857				219,297				8,327,833				21.0	%
Charter Life Sciences, L.P.(8)			552,362				61,697				490,665				1.2	%
MPM Asset Management Investors 2002 BV3(9)			41,454				5,540				35,914				*
MPM BioVentures III GmbH & Co. Beteiligungs KG(9)			177,310				23,697				153,613				*
MPM BioVentures III L.P.(9)			141,078				18,855				122,223				*
MPM BioVentures III Parallel Fund L.P.(9)			63,391				8,472				54,919				*
MPM BioVentures III-QP L.P.(9)			2,098,250				280,423				1,817,827				4.6	%
Onset V, L.P.(10)			159,789				85,723				74,066				*
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research(11)			298,296				12,247				286,049				*

 

*	Less than one percent.

(1)

Represents all of the shares beneficially owned by the selling stockholder as of the date of the information provided to us by each holder and includes shares issuable upon the exercise of any warrants and/or stock options owned by the selling stockholder that are exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2012.

 

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(2)	The amounts in this column do not include any shares issuable pursuant to warrants or options, which may be beneficially owned by the selling stockholders as described in footnotes (5) through (11).

 

(3)

We do not know when or in what amounts the selling stockholders will offer shares for sale, if at all. The selling stockholders may sell any or all of the shares included in and offered by this prospectus. Because the selling stockholders may offer all or some of the shares from time to time pursuant to this prospectus, we cannot estimate the number of shares that will be held by the selling stockholders after completion of the offering. However, for purposes of this table, we have assumed that after completion of the offering, none of the shares included in and covered by this prospectus will be held by the selling stockholders.

 

(4)	Based on 39,667,121 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2012.

 

(5)

Includes 4,655 shares and 6,249 shares issuable pursuant to options, held by Dr. Harrison, which are exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012. Dr. Harrison was a member of our Board of Directors from September 2003 through May 5, 2011 and is a Managing Partner of CLS Management, LLC. See footnote (8).

 

(6)

Paul Klingenstein serves as Manager of Aberdare GP II, which serves as the general partner of Aberdare Ventures II, L.P., which holds 238,566 shares, Aberdare Ventures II (Bermuda), L.P., which holds 4,951 shares, and Aberdare II Annex Fund, L.P., which holds 693,251 shares and 509,596 warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012, and has shared voting and investment control with respect to the 936,768 shares and 509,596 warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012, and may be deemed to own beneficially such shares. Mr. Klingenstein is a member of our Board of Directors and has sole voting and dispositive power of 58,668 shares.

 

(7)

Bay City Capital Fund IV, L.P. (Fund IV) holds 4,800,965 shares and 3,554,848 shares issuable pursuant to warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012. Bay City Capital Fund IV Co-Investment Fund, L.P. (Co-Investment IV) holds 103,485 shares and 76,623 shares issuable pursuant to warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012. Fund IV, Co-Investment IV and Bay City Capital Management IV LLC (Management IV) each have shared voting power and shared dispositive power of a total of 4,904,450 shares and 3,631,471 warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012. Bay City Capital LLC (BCC) is the manager of Management IV, which is the general partner of Fund IV and Co-Investment IV. BCC is also an advisor to Fund IV and Co-Invesment IV. Carl Goldfischer, a Managing Director of BCC and a member of Management IV, is a member of our Board of Directors and has sole voting and dispositive power of 15,936 shares.

 

(8)

CLS Partners, L.P. is the General Partner of Charter Life Sciences, L.P. The General Partner of CLS Partners, L.P. is CLS Management, LLC (CLS Management). The Managing Partners of CLS Management are A. Barr Dolan, Fred M. Schwarzer, Dr. Nelson Teng and Dr. Donald C. Harrison. CLS Management has voting and investment power of the 335,560 shares and 216,802 warrants held by Charter Life Sciences, L.P., which are exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012. Dr. Harrison is a member of our Board of Directors and has sole voting and dispositive power of 10,904 shares. See footnote (5).

 

(9)

MPM BioVentures III, L.P. (BV III) has the sole power to vote and sole power to dispose of 93,424 shares and 47,654 warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012, MPM BioVentures III-QP, L.P. (BV III QP) has the sole power to vote and sole power to dispose of 1,389,482 shares and 708,768 warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012, MPM BioVentures III Parallel Fund L.P. (BV III PF) has the sole power to vote and sole power to dispose of 41,979 shares and 21,412 warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012, MPM BioVentures III GmbH & Co. Beteiligungs KG (BV III KG) has the sole power to vote and sole power to dispose of 117,417 shares and 59,893 warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012, and MPM Asset Management Investors 2002 BVIII LLC (AM LLC) has the sole power to vote and sole power to dispose of 27,452 shares and 14,002 warrants. MPM BioVentures III GP, L.P. (BV III GP) and MPM BioVentures III LLC (BV III LLC) each have shared power to vote and shared power to dispose of 1,669,754 shares and 851,729 warrants. BV III GP and BV III LLC are the direct and indirect general partners of BV III QP, BV III, BV III PF and BV III KG. Luke Evnin, Ansbert Gadicke, Nicholas Galakatos, Michael Steinmetz, Kurt Wheeler, Nicholas Simon III, and Dennis Henner each have shared power to vote and shared power to dispose of the shares and

 

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warrants held by these funds. Dr. Evnin and Messrs. Gadicke, Galakatos, Steinmetz, Wheeler, Simon and Henner are each a member of BV III LLC and a manager of AM LLC, and each disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares except to the extent of his proportionate pecuniary interests therein. Dr. Evnin is a member of our Board of Directors and has sole voting and dispositive power of 15,936 shares.

 

(10)

Onset V Management, LLC is the General Partner of Onset V, L.P. and has sole voting and investment power over the 159,789 shares held by Onset V, L.P. Terry L. Opdendyk, Robert F. Kuhling, Jr., Susan A. Mason, F. Leslie Bottorff, David A. Lane and Raman Khanna are the Managing Directors of Onset V Management, LLC.

 

(11)

Includes 20,594 shares held by Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) and 147,872 shares and 129,830 shares issuable pursuant to warrants exercisable currently or within 60 days of June 30, 2012 held by Mayo Clinic. MFMER and/or its affiliates have existing license agreements and consultant agreements with EnteroMedics, under which they have received equity, royalties and/or other payments from us. MFMER has an existing consulting agreement with one of our officers. In addition, consistent with Mayo conflict-of-interest policies and procedures, Mayo Clinic and/or its affiliates have participated in preclinical and clinical research activities sponsored by us. Harry N. Hoffman, III has voting and dispositive power with respect to these shares.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

The following summary of the terms of the common stock we may offer using this prospectus does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (certificate of incorporation), and Amended and Restated Bylaws (bylaws) copies of which have been previously filed by us with the SEC and are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. See “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

General

Our authorized capital stock consists of 125,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. As of June 30, 2012, we had 39,667,121 shares of common stock outstanding. As of June 30, 2012, we had an aggregate of 3,632,544 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding stock options granted under our 2003 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and an aggregate of 23,387,377 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding common stock warrants.

The holders of our common stock are generally entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders and do not have any cumulative voting rights. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive proportionally any dividends declared by our Board of Directors, subject to any preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock.

The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

In the event of our liquidation or dissolution, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of all debts and other liabilities, subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. All outstanding shares of our common stock are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. The shares to be issued by us in this offering will be, when issued and paid for, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

Registration Rights

As of the date of this prospectus, certain of our holders of common stock and holders of warrants to purchase common stock have a right to require us to register their shares under the Securities Act under the

 

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circumstances set forth below. After registration pursuant to these rights, these shares will become freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. The following description of the terms and registration rights provisions of the investor rights agreement is intended as a summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the investor rights agreement which has been previously filed by us with the SEC and is incorporated by reference in this prospectus. See “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

Demand Registration Rights. On no more than one occasion during any twelve-month period, the holders of at least 50% of our registrable shares have the right to request that we register all or a portion of the registrable shares then held by the requesting stockholders, provided that the shares requested to be registered have an aggregate value of at least $5.0 million. Such a registration is referred to as a demand registration and we are required to use our best efforts to cause any such demand registration to become effective under the Securities Act. The demand registration rights will cease after we have effected two such demand registrations. In addition to the demand registration rights, the holders of registrable shares will have the right to request that we register on Form S-3 all or a portion of the registrable shares held by them, provided that the holders propose to sell registrable securities at an aggregate price of at least $1.0 million (less any underwriter discounts or fees) pursuant to such registration statement on Form S-3. Such registration is referred to as a Form S-3 registration. We will not be obligated to effect a demand registration or a Form S-3 registration within 180 calendar days of the effective date of an immediately preceding Form S-3 registration of our securities.

Incidental Registration Rights. If we propose to register shares of our common stock under the Securities Act (other than a registration relating solely to the initial public offering of our securities, the sale of securities of participants in our stock option plan, a registration relating to a corporate reorganization or transaction under Rule 145 of the Securities Act, a registration on any form that does not include substantially the same information as would be required to be included in a registration statement covering the sale of registrable securities, or a registration in which the only common stock being registered is common stock issuable upon conversion of debt securities that are also being registered), the holders of registrable shares will have the right to require us to register all or a portion of the registrable shares then held by them. In the event that any registration in which the holders of registrable shares participate pursuant to the registration rights agreement is an underwritten public offering, the number of registrable shares to be included may, in specified circumstances, be limited due to market conditions.

The registration rights described in the investor rights agreement are subject to customary restrictions such as minimums, blackout periods and, if a registration is underwritten, any limitations on the number of shares to be included in the underwritten offering imposed by the managing underwriter. The investor rights agreement also contains customary indemnification and contribution provisions.

All expenses of registration under the investor rights agreement, including the legal fees of one counsel for the holders, but excluding underwriting discounts and commissions will be paid by us. The investor rights agreement is governed by Delaware law.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Certain Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

We have elected to be governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally will have an anti-takeover effect for transactions not approved in advance by our Board of Directors, including discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for our common stock. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder

 

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status, 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock. Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions:

 

•

before the stockholder became interested, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

 

•

upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances; or

 

•

at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by the board and authorized at a stockholder meeting by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock not owned by the interested stockholder.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide for the Board to be divided into three classes of directors serving staggered, three-year terms. The classification of the Board has the effect of requiring at least two annual stockholder meetings, instead of one, to replace a majority of members of the Board. Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, our certificate of incorporation will authorize only the Board to fill vacancies, including newly created directorships. Accordingly, this provision could prevent a stockholder from obtaining majority representation on the Board by enlarging the Board of Directors and filling the new directorships with its own nominees. Our certificate of incorporation will also provide that directors may be removed by stockholders only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our voting stock.

Under our bylaws, any vacancy on our Board of Directors resulting from an enlargement of our Board or the death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or other cause (other than removal for cause), may only be filled by vote of a majority of our directors then in office, even if less than a quorum. The limitations on the removal of directors and filling of vacancies could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, control of us.

The affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of our voting stock is required to amend or repeal or to adopt any provisions inconsistent with any of the provisions of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws described in the prior two paragraphs.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that stockholders may not take any action by written consent in lieu of a meeting and our bylaws limit the business that may be conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders to those matters properly brought before the meeting. In addition, our bylaws provide that only our Board of Directors or our chairman may call a special meeting of stockholders. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders must be limited to matters relating to the purpose stated in the notice of the special meeting.

To be “properly brought” before an annual meeting, the proposals or nominations must be:

 

•

specified in the notice of meeting;

 

•

brought before the meeting by or at the direction of our Board of Directors; or

 

•

brought before the meeting by a stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting who has given to our corporate secretary the required advance written notice, in proper form, of the stockholder’s intention to bring that proposal or nomination before the meeting and who was a stockholder of record on the date on which notice is given.

In addition to other applicable requirements, for a stockholder proposal or nomination to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder generally must have given notice in proper

 

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written form to our corporate secretary not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders. In the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within 30 days from the anniversary date of the preceding year’s annual meeting date, written notice by a stockholder in order to be timely must be received not later than the 10th day following the day on which the first public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made. Although our bylaws do not give our Board of Directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, our bylaws may have the effect of precluding the consideration of some business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or defer a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

Delaware law provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on any matter is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, unless the certificate of incorporation or bylaws require a greater percentage. Our bylaws may be amended or repealed by a majority vote of our Board of Directors, subject to any limitations set forth in the bylaws, and may also be amended or repealed by the stockholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes that all the stockholders would be entitled to cast in any annual election of directors. The majority stockholder vote would be in addition to any separate class vote that might in the future be required pursuant to the terms of any series of preferred stock that might be outstanding at the time any of these amendments are submitted to stockholders.

Liability Limitations and Indemnification

Our bylaws provide that we must indemnify our directors and officers and that we must advance expenses, including attorneys’ fees, to our directors and officers in connection with legal proceedings, subject to very limited exceptions. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable for monetary damages to us for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, except to the extent that the Delaware law statute prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of directors for breaches of fiduciary duty.

These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, you may lose some or all of your investment in our common stock if we pay the costs of settlement or damage awards against our directors and officers under these provisions. We believe these provisions, the director and officer insurance we maintain, and the indemnification agreements we have entered into with our directors and officers are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced directors and officers.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK

This section summarizes the general terms and provisions of the preferred stock that we may offer using this prospectus. This section is only a summary and does not purport to be complete. You must look at our certificate of incorporation and the relevant certificate of designations for a full understanding of all the rights and preferences of any series of preferred stock. Our certificate of incorporation and the certificates of designations have been or will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” for information on how to obtain copies.

A prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any particular series of preferred stock offered under that prospectus supplement, including any of the terms in this section that will not apply to that series of preferred stock, and any special considerations, including tax considerations, applicable to investing in that series of preferred stock.

 

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General

Pursuant to our certificate of incorporation, we currently have authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. We do not have any shares of preferred stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus.

Prior to issuance of shares of each series of our undesignated preferred stock, our Board of Directors is required by the Delaware General Corporate Law and our certificate of incorporation to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, fixing for each such series the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the shares of such series. Our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction which holders of some, or a majority, of such shares might believe to be in their best interests or in which holders of some, or a majority, of such shares might receive a premium for their shares over the then-market price of such shares.

Subject to limitations prescribed by the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, our Board of Directors is authorized to fix the number of shares constituting each series of preferred stock and the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the shares of such series, including such provisions as may be desired concerning voting, redemption, dividends, dissolution or the distribution of assets, conversion or exchange, and such other subjects or matters as may be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. Each series of preferred stock that we offer under this prospectus will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable and will not have, or be subject to, any preemptive or similar rights.

The applicable prospectus supplement(s) will describe the following terms of the series of preferred stock in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

 

•

the title and stated value of the preferred stock;

 

•

the number of shares of the preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per share and the purchase price of the preferred stock;

 

•

the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or the method(s) of calculation for dividends;

 

•

whether dividends shall be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the preferred stock shall accumulate;

 

•

the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for the preferred stock;

 

•

the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for the preferred stock;

 

•

the provisions for redemption, if applicable, of the preferred stock;

 

•

any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;

 

•

the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred stock will be convertible into common stock or another series of our preferred stock, including the conversion price (or its manner of calculation) and conversion period;

 

•

the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which preferred stock will be exchangeable into our debt securities, including the exchange price, or its manner of calculation, and exchange period;

 

•

voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;

 

•

a discussion of any material and/or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

 

•

the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;

 

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•

any limitations on issuance of any series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; and

 

•

any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions on the preferred stock.

Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the preferred stock will rank:

 

•

senior to all classes or series of our common stock, and to all equity securities issued by us the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank junior to the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us;

 

•

on a parity with all equity securities issued by us that do not rank senior or junior to the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us; and

 

•

junior to all equity securities issued by us the terms of which do not specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with or junior to the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us (including any entity with which we may be merged or consolidated or to which all or substantially all of our assets may be transferred or which transfers all or substantially all of our assets).

As used for these purposes, the term “equity securities” does not include convertible debt securities.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for any series of preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Certain Provisions of Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

For a description of some additional provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, see “Description of Common Stock — Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Certain Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.”

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

This section describes the general terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer using this prospectus and the related indenture. This section is only a summary and does not purport to be complete. You must look to the relevant form of debt security and the related indenture for a full understanding of all terms of any series of debt securities. The form of debt security and the related indenture have been or will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” for information on how to obtain copies.

A prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any particular series of debt securities offered under that prospectus supplement, including any of the terms in this section that will not apply to that series, and any special considerations, including tax considerations, applicable to investing in those debt securities. In some instances, certain of the precise terms of debt securities you are offered may be described in a further prospectus supplement, known as a pricing supplement. If information in a prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the information in this prospectus, then the information in the prospectus supplement will apply and, where applicable, supersede the information in this prospectus.

The amount of debt securities we may offer using this prospectus will be limited to the amount of securities described on the cover of this prospectus that we have not already issued or reserved for issuance. We may also

 

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issue debt securities pursuant to the related indentures in transactions that are exempt from the registration requirements of securities laws. We will not consider those debt securities in determining the aggregate amount of securities issued under this prospectus.

Description of Senior Debt Securities

General

This section summarizes the general terms and provisions of the senior debt securities that may be offered by this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the series of the senior debt securities offered under that prospectus supplement and any general terms outlined in this section that will not apply to those senior debt securities. Because this is only a summary, it does not contain all of the details found in the full text of the senior indenture and the senior debt securities. If you would like additional information, you should read the form of senior indenture and the form of senior debt securities.

We will issue the senior debt securities from time to time in one or more series. Senior debt securities issued under the senior indenture will be issued as part of a series that we have established pursuant to the senior indenture. The form of the senior indenture is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and in this section, we include references in parentheses to specific sections of that form of indenture. The debt securities may be issued either separately, together with, upon conversion of or in exchange for other securities.

Ranking

The senior debt securities will be our unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and will rank equally and ratably with our other current and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The senior debt securities will be effectively subordinated to all of our secured debt (as to the collateral pledged to secure this debt). As of June 30, 2012, we had $10.0 million secured debt outstanding. The indenture will not limit the total amount of secured or unsecured debt that we may incur.

Terms

The prospectus supplement, including any separate pricing supplement, relating to a series of senior debt securities that we offer using this prospectus will describe the following terms of that series, if applicable:

 

•

the title of the offered senior debt securities;

 

•

any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the offered senior debt securities;

 

•

the person or persons to whom interest on the offered senior debt securities will be payable if other than the persons in whose names the senior debt securities are registered;

 

•

the date or dates on which the principal of the offered senior debt securities will be payable;

 

•

the rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, and/or the method of determination of the rate or rates at which the offered senior debt securities will bear interest, if any;

 

•

the date or dates from which interest, if any, will accrue, the interest payment dates on which interest will be payable and the regular record date for any interest payable on any interest payment date;

 

•

the place or places where

 

–

the principal of or any premium or interest on the offered senior debt securities will be payable;

 

–

registration of transfer may be effected;

 

–

exchanges may be effected; and

 

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–

notices and demands to or upon us may be served;

 

•

the security registrar for the offered senior debt securities and, if such is the case, that the principal of the offered senior debt securities will be payable without presentment or surrender thereof;

 

•

the period or periods within which, or the date or dates on which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any of the offered senior debt securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at our option;

 

•

our obligation or obligations, if any, to redeem or purchase any of the offered senior debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or other mandatory redemption provisions or provisions for redemption at the option of the holder, and the period or periods within which, or the date or dates on which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any of the offered senior debt securities will be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to that obligation, and applicable exceptions to the requirements of a notice of redemption in the case of mandatory redemption or redemption at the option of the holder;

 

•

the denominations in which the offered senior debt securities will be issuable, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

 

•

if other than the currency of the United States, the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on the offered senior debt securities will be payable;

 

•

if the principal of or any premium or interest on any of the offered senior debt securities will be payable, at the election of us or the holder, in a coin or currency other than in which the offered senior debt securities are stated to be payable, the period or periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which, the election will be made;

 

•

if the principal of or any premium or interest on the offered senior debt securities will be payable, or will be payable at the election of us or a holder, in securities or other property, the type and amount of securities or other property, or the formula or other method or other means by which the amount will be determined, and the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, any such election may be made;

 

•

if the amount of payment of principal of or any premium or interest on the offered senior debt securities may be determined with reference to an index or other fact or event ascertainable outside the indenture, the manner in which the amounts will be determined;

 

•

if other than the principal amount of the offered senior debt securities, the amount which will be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity;

 

•

any addition to the events of default applicable to the offered senior debt securities and any addition to our covenants for the benefit of the holders of the offered senior debt securities;

 

•

the terms, if any, pursuant to which the offered senior debt securities may be converted into or exchanged for shares of our capital stock or other securities of any other person;

 

•

the obligations or instruments, if any, which will be considered to be a security that could be used to satisfy and discharge offered senior debt securities denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars or in a composite currency, pursuant to the procedures discussed in “—Defeasance” below, and any additional or alternative provisions for the reinstatement of our indebtedness in respect of these senior debt securities after its satisfaction and discharge;

 

•

if the offered senior debt securities will be issued in global form, any limitations on the rights of the holder to transfer or exchange the same or obtain the registration of transfer and to obtain certificates in definitive form in lieu of temporary form, and any and all other matters incidental to such senior debt securities;

 

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•

if the offered senior debt securities will be issuable as bearer securities;

 

•

any limitations on the rights of the holders of the offered senior debt securities to transfer or exchange the senior debt securities or to obtain the registration of transfer, and if a service charge will be made for the registration of transfer or exchange of the offered senior debt securities, the amount or terms thereof;

 

•

any exceptions to the provisions governing payments due on legal holidays or any variations in the definition of business day with respect to the offered senior debt securities; and

 

•

any other terms of the offered senior debt securities, or any tranche thereof, not inconsistent with the provisions of the indenture. (Section 301)

Although senior debt securities offered by this prospectus will be issued under the senior indenture, there is no requirement that we issue future senior debt securities under the senior indenture. Accordingly, we may use other indentures or documentation containing different provisions in connection with future issuances of our debt.

We may issue the senior debt securities as original issue discount securities, which will be offered and sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount. The prospectus supplement relating to those senior debt securities will describe the federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to them. In addition, if we issue any senior debt securities denominated in foreign currencies or currency units, the prospectus supplement relating to those senior debt securities will also describe any federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to those senior debt securities.

The senior indenture does not contain covenants or other provisions designed to afford holders of senior debt securities protection in the event of a highly-leveraged transaction or a change of control involving us. If this protection is provided for the offered senior debt securities, we will describe the applicable provisions in the prospectus supplement relating to those senior debt securities.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

Unless the applicable prospectus supplement specifies otherwise, we will issue the senior debt securities only in fully registered form without interest coupons and in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000. (Sections 201 and 302)

At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the senior indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities, senior debt securities of any series will be exchangeable for other senior debt securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. (Section 305)

Subject to the terms of the senior indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities, holders may present senior debt securities for exchange as provided above and for registration of transfer at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for that purpose. Unless the applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, no service charge will be required for any registration of transfer or exchange of senior debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge associated with the transfer or exchange. Senior debt securities presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange must (if so required by us, the senior trustee or the security registrar) be duly endorsed or accompanied by an executed written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to us, the senior trustee or the security registrar. (Section 305) Any transfer agent (in addition to the security registrar) initially designated by us for the offered senior debt securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts. We are required to maintain a transfer agent in each

 

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place of payment for the senior debt securities of a particular series. We may maintain an office that performs the functions of the transfer agent. (Section 602) Unless the applicable prospectus supplement specifies otherwise, the senior trustee will act as security registrar and transfer agent with respect to each series of senior debt securities offered by this prospectus.

We will not be required to execute or register the transfer or exchange of senior debt securities, or any tranche thereof, during a period of 15 days preceding the notice to be given identifying the senior debt securities called for redemption, or any senior debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any senior debt securities being redeemed in part. (Section 305)

If a senior debt security is issued as a global security, only the depositary or its nominee as the sole holder of the senior debt security will be entitled to transfer and exchange the senior debt security as described in this prospectus under “—Global Securities.”

Payment and Paying Agent

Unless the applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, we will pay interest on the offered senior debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the senior debt security is registered at the close of business on the regular record date. (Section 307)

Unless the applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, we will pay the principal of and any premium and interest on the offered senior debt securities at the office of the paying agent or paying agents as we may designate for that purpose from time to time. Unless the applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the corporate trust office of the senior trustee in New York, New York will be our sole paying agent for payment for each series of senior debt securities. Any other paying agents initially designated by us for the senior debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts. We are required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the senior debt securities of a particular series. (Section 602)

Any moneys deposited by us with the senior trustee or any paying agent for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any offered senior debt securities which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after the applicable payment has become due and payable will be paid to us. The holder of that senior debt security, as an unsecured general creditor and not as a holder, thereafter may look only to us for the payment. (Section 603)

Redemption

Any terms for the optional or mandatory redemption of the offered senior debt securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to senior debt securities that are redeemable at the option of the holder, the offered senior debt securities will be redeemable only upon notice by mail not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the redemption date. If less than all the senior debt securities of a series are to be redeemed, the particular senior debt securities to be redeemed will be selected by the securities registrar by the method as provided for in the terms of the particular series, or in the absence of any such provision, by such method of random selection as the security registrar deems fair and appropriate. (Sections 403 and 404)

Any notice of redemption at our option may state that the redemption will be conditional upon receipt by the paying agent or agents, on or prior to the redemption date, of money sufficient to pay the principal of and any premium and interest on the offered senior debt securities. If sufficient money has not been so received, the notice will be of no force and effect and we will not be required to redeem the senior debt securities. (Section 404)

 

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Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance or Other Transfer

Under the terms of the senior indenture, we may not consolidate with or merge into any other corporation or convey, transfer or lease our properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any person, unless:

 

•

the corporation formed by the consolidation or into which we are merged or the person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, our properties and assets substantially as an entirety is a person organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and assumes our obligations on the senior debt securities and under the senior indenture;

 

•

immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Event of Default (as defined below) shall have occurred and be continuing; and

 

•

we have delivered to the senior trustee an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel as provided in the senior indenture. (Section 1101)

Events of Default

Each of the following will constitute an “Event of Default” under the senior indenture with respect to any series of senior debt securities:

 

•

failure to pay any interest on any senior debt securities of that series within 60 days after the same becomes due and payable;

 

•

failure to pay principal of or premium, if any, on any senior debt securities of that series within three business days after the same becomes due and payable;

 

•

failure to perform or breach of any of our other covenants or warranties in the senior indenture (other than a covenant or warranty in the senior indenture solely for the benefit of a series of senior debt securities other than that series) for 60 days after written notice to us by the senior trustee, or to us and the senior trustee by the holders of at least 33% in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of that series, as provided in the senior indenture;

 

•

the occurrence of events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization relating to us; and

 

•

any other Event of Default specified in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to senior debt securities of a particular series. (Section 801)

An Event of Default with respect to a series of senior debt securities may not necessarily constitute an Event of Default with respect to senior debt securities of any other series issued under the senior indenture.

If an Event of Default with respect to any series of senior debt securities occurs and is continuing, then either the senior trustee or the holders of not less than 33% in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or if the senior debt securities of that series are original issue discount securities, such portion of the principal amount thereof as may be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement) of all of the senior debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately. However, if an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to more than one series of senior debt securities, the senior trustee or the holders of not less than 33% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of all such series, considered as one class, may make the declaration of acceleration and not the holders of the senior debt securities of any one of such series. (Section 802) There is no automatic acceleration, even in the event of our bankruptcy or insolvency.

Subject to the provisions of the senior indenture relating to the duties of the senior trustee in case an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the senior trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the senior indenture at the request or direction of any holder, unless the holder has offered to the senior trustee reasonable security or indemnity. (Section 903) Subject to the provisions of the

 

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indemnification of the senior trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the senior trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the senior trustee, with respect to the senior debt securities of that series; provided, however, that if an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to more than one series of senior debt securities, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of all those series, considered as one class, will have this right, and not the holders of any one series of senior debt securities. (Section 812)

No holder of senior debt securities of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding related to the senior indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or a senior trustee, or for any other remedy thereunder, unless:

 

•

the holder has previously given written notice to the senior trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the senior debt securities of that series;

 

•

the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of that series have made written request to the senior trustee, and offered reasonable indemnity to the senior trustee, to institute the proceeding as senior trustee; and

 

•

the senior trustee has failed to institute the proceeding, and has not received from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with such request, within 60 days after the notice, request and offer. (Section 807)

Notwithstanding the provisions described in the immediately preceding paragraph or any other provision of the senior indenture, the holder of any senior debt security will have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal and any premium and interest on that senior debt security and to institute suit for enforcement of any payment, and that right will not be impaired without consent of that holder. (Section 808)

We will be required to furnish to the senior trustee annually, not later than October in each year, a statement by an appropriate officer as to the officer’s knowledge of our compliance with all conditions and covenants under the senior indenture, such compliance to be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice under the indenture. (Section 606)

Right to Cure

At any time after the declaration of acceleration with respect to a series of senior debt securities has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained, the Event or Events of Default giving rise to the declaration of acceleration will, without further act, be deemed to have been waived, and the declaration and its consequences will, without further act, be deemed to have been rescinded and annulled, if:

 

•

we have paid or deposited with the senior trustee a sum sufficient to pay:

 

–

all overdue interest, if any, on all senior debt securities of that series;

 

–

the principal of and premium, if any, on any senior debt securities of that series which have become due, otherwise than by that declaration of acceleration, and interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed in the senior debt securities;

 

–

interest upon overdue interest, if any, at the rate or rates prescribed in the senior debt securities, to the extent payment of that interest is lawful; and

 

–

all amounts due to the senior trustee under the senior indenture; and

 

•

any other Event of Default with respect to the senior debt securities of that series, other than the non-payment of the principal of the senior debt securities of that series which has become due solely by the declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in the senior indenture. (Section 802)

 

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Modification and Waiver

Without the consent of any holder of senior debt securities, we and the senior trustee may enter into one or more supplemental indentures to the senior indenture for any of the following purposes:

 

•

to evidence the assumption by any permitted successor to us of our covenants under the senior indenture and the senior debt securities;

 

•

to add to our covenants or other provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of outstanding senior debt securities or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us by the senior indenture;

 

•

to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series of outstanding senior debt securities;

 

•

to change or eliminate any provision of the senior indenture or to add any new provision to the senior indenture, provided that if the change, elimination or addition will adversely affect the interests of the holders of any series of senior debt securities in any material respect, that change, elimination or addition will become effective with respect to that series only when the consent of the holders of that series so affected has been obtained or when there is no outstanding senior debt security of that series under the senior indenture;

 

•

to provide collateral security for the senior debt securities;

 

•

to establish the form or terms of any series of senior debt securities as permitted by the senior indenture;

 

•

to provide for the authentication and delivery of bearer securities and coupons appertaining to the bearer securities representing interest, if any, on the bearer securities and for the procedures for the registration, exchange and replacement of those bearer securities and for giving of notice to, and the solicitation of the vote or consent of, the holders of those bearer securities and for any and all other matters incidental to the bearer securities;

 

•

to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment of a separate or successor senior trustee under the senior indenture with respect to senior debt securities of one or more series and to add or to change any of the provisions of the senior indenture as will be necessary to provide for or to facilitate the administration of the senior indenture by more than one senior trustee;

 

•

to provide for the procedures required to permit the utilization of a noncertificated system of registration for any series of senior debt securities;

 

•

to change any place where

 

–

the principal of and any premium and interest on any senior debt securities will be payable;

 

–

any senior debt securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange; or

 

–

notices and demands to or upon us in respect of the senior debt securities and senior indenture may be served; or

 

•

to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision or to make or change any other provisions with respect to matters and questions arising under the senior indenture, provided that such action does not adversely affect the interests of the holders of senior debt securities of any series in any material respect. (Section 1201)

The holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of any series may waive our compliance with some restrictive provisions of the senior indenture. (Section 607) The holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of any series may waive any past default under the senior indenture with respect to that series, except a default:

 

•

in the payment of principal, premium or interest; and

 

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•

related to certain covenants and provisions of the senior indenture that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding senior debt security of the series affected. (Section 813)

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if the Trust Indenture Act is amended after the date of the senior indenture in such a way as to require changes to the senior indenture or the incorporation of additional provisions or so as to permit changes to, or the elimination of provisions which, at the date of the senior indenture or at any time thereafter, were required by the Trust Indenture Act to be contained in the senior indenture, the senior indenture will be deemed to have been amended so as to conform to such amendment or to effect such changes or elimination. We and the senior trustee may, without the consent of any holders, enter into one or more supplemental indentures to evidence or effect such amendment. (Section 1201)

Except as provided above, the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the senior debt securities of all series then outstanding, considered as one class, is required for the purpose of adding any provisions to, or changing in any manner, or eliminating any of the provisions of the senior indenture pursuant to one or more supplemental indentures. However, if less than all of the series of outstanding senior debt securities are directly affected by a proposed supplemental indenture, then the consent only of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of outstanding senior debt securities of all series so directly affected, considered as one class, will be required. Further, if the senior debt securities of any series have been issued in more than one tranche and if the proposed supplemental indenture directly affects the rights of the holders of one or more, but less than all, tranches, then the consent only of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of all tranches so directly affected, considered as one class, will be required.

Without the consent of each holder of senior debt securities affected by the modification, no supplemental indenture may:

 

•

change the stated maturity of the principal of or any installment of principal of or interest on, any senior debt security;

 

•

reduce the principal amount of the senior debt security;

 

•

reduce the rate of interest on the senior debt security (or the amount of any installment of interest thereon) or change the method of calculating the rate;

 

•

reduce any premium payable upon redemption of the senior debt security;

 

•

reduce the amount of the principal of any original issue discount senior security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of maturity;

 

•

change the coin or currency (or other property) in which any senior debt security or any premium or the interest thereon is payable;

 

•

impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or after the stated maturity of any senior debt security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the redemption date);

 

•

reduce the percentage in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of any series, or any tranche thereof, required for the authorization of any such supplemental indenture, or required for the authorization of any waiver of compliance with any provision of the senior indenture or any default thereunder and its consequences, or reduce the requirements for quorum or voting; or

 

•

modify certain of the provisions of the senior indenture relating to supplemental indentures, waivers of certain covenants and waivers of past defaults with respect to the senior debt securities of any series, or any tranche thereof.

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of the senior indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of senior debt

 

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securities or one or more tranches thereof, or modifies the rights of the holders of senior debt securities of that series or tranche with respect to such covenant or other provision, will be deemed not to affect the rights under the senior indenture of the holders of the senior debt securities of any other series or tranche. (Section 1202)

The senior indenture provides that in determining whether the holders of the requisite principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver under the senior indenture as of any date, or whether or not a quorum is present at a meeting of holders:

 

•

senior debt securities owned by us or any other obligor upon the senior debt securities or any affiliate of ours or of such other obligor (unless we, the affiliate or the obligor own all securities outstanding under the senior indenture, or all outstanding senior debt securities of each such series and each such tranche, as the case may be, determined without regard to this clause) will be disregarded and deemed not to be outstanding;

 

•

the principal amount of an original issue discount security that will be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes will be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, as provided in the senior indenture; and

 

•

the principal amount of a senior debt security denominated in one or more foreign currencies or a composite currency that will be deemed to be outstanding will be the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner prescribed for such senior debt security, of the principal amount of the senior debt security (or, in the case of a senior debt security described in second bullet above, of the amount described in that clause). (Section 101)

If we solicit from holders any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other action, we may, at our option, by company order, fix in advance a record date for the determination of holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other action. If a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other action may be given before or after that record date, but only the holders of record at the close of business on the record date will be deemed to be holders for the purposes of determining whether holders of the requisite proportion of the outstanding senior debt securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the outstanding senior debt securities will be computed as of the record date. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other action of a holder will bind every future holder of the same senior debt security and the holder of every senior debt security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the senior trustee or us in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of that action is made upon the senior debt security. (Section 104)

Defeasance

Unless the applicable prospectus supplement otherwise indicates, any senior debt securities, or any portion of the principal amount thereof, will be deemed to have been paid for purposes of the senior indenture, and, at our election, our entire indebtedness in respect of the senior debt securities will be deemed to have been satisfied and discharged, if there has been irrevocably deposited with the senior trustee or any paying agent (other than us), in trust:

 

(a)

money in an amount which will be sufficient, or

 

(b)

eligible obligations (as described below), which do not contain provisions permitting the redemption or other prepaying at the option of the issuer thereof, the principal of and the interest on which when due, without any regard to reinvestment thereof, will provide monies which, together with money, if any, deposited with or held by the senior trustee or the paying agent, will be sufficient, or

 

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(c)

a combination of (a) and (b) which will be sufficient, to pay when due the principal of and any premium and interest due and to become due on the senior debt securities or portions thereof. (Section 701)

For this purpose, unless the applicable prospectus supplement otherwise indicates, eligible obligations include direct obligations of, or obligations unconditionally guaranteed by, the United States, entitled to the benefit of the full faith and credit thereof, and certificates, depositary receipts or other instruments which evidence a direct ownership interest in such obligations or in any specific interest or principal payments due in respect thereof. (Section 101)

Resignation of Senior Trustee

The senior trustee may resign at any time by giving written notice to us or may be removed at any time by act of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of a series. No resignation or removal of the senior trustee and no appointment of a successor senior trustee will become effective until the acceptance of appointment by a successor senior trustee in accordance with the requirements of the senior indenture. So long as no Event of Default or event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and except with respect to a senior trustee appointed by act of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities, if we have delivered to the senior trustee a board resolution appointing a successor senior trustee and the successor has accepted the appointment in accordance with the terms of the senior indenture, the senior trustee will be deemed to have resigned and the successor will be deemed to have been appointed as senior trustee in accordance with the senior indenture. (Section 910)

Notices

Notices to holders of senior debt securities will be given by mail to the addresses of the holders as they appear in the security register. (Section 106)

Title

We, the senior trustee and any agent of ours or the senior trustee may treat the person in whose name a senior debt security is registered as the absolute owner (whether or not the senior debt security may be overdue) for the purpose of making payment and for all other purposes. (Section 308)

Governing Law

The senior indenture and the senior debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent the law of any other jurisdiction is mandatorily applicable. (Section 112)

Limitation on Suits

The senior indenture limits a holder’s right to institute any proceeding with respect to the senior indenture, the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy under the senior indenture. (Section 807)

Maintenance of Properties

A provision in the senior indenture provides that we will cause (or, with respect to property owned in common with others, make reasonable effort to cause) all our properties used or useful in the conduct of our business to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair and working order and will cause (or, with respect to property owned in common with others, make reasonable effort to cause) to be made all necessary repairs,

 

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renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements, all as, in our judgment, may be necessary so that the business carried on in connection therewith may be properly conducted. However, nothing in this provision will prevent us from discontinuing, or causing the discontinuance of the operation and maintenance of any of our properties if the discontinuance is, in our judgment, desirable in the conduct of our business. (Section 605)

Global Securities

The senior debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. The specific terms of the depositary arrangements with respect to a series of senior debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. See “—Global Securities.”

Description of Subordinated Debt Securities

General

This section describes the general terms and provisions of the subordinated debt securities that may be offered by this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the series of the subordinated debt securities offered under that prospectus supplement and any general terms outlined in this section that will not apply to those subordinated debt securities. The provisions of the subordinated indenture are substantially identical in substance to the provisions of the senior indenture, except for the subordination provisions described below, for which there are no counterparts in the senior indenture. See “Description of Debt Securities—Description of Senior Debt Securities.” Because this is only a summary, it does not contain all of the details found in the full text of the subordinated indenture and the subordinated debt securities. If you would like additional information you should read the form of subordinated indenture and the form of subordinated debt securities, which have been or will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. In this section, we include references in parentheses to specific sections of that form of indenture.

Subordination

Subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and subject in right of payment, in the manner and to the extent set forth in the subordinated indenture, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt. (Section 1501)

If we make a distribution to our creditors as a result of:

 

•

a liquidation;

 

•

a dissolution;

 

•

winding up;

 

•

a reorganization;

 

•

an assignment for the benefit of creditors;

 

•

marshaling of assets and liabilities; or

 

•

any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding involving us;

then, the holders of Senior Debt will first be entitled to receive payment in full in cash of all obligations due on or to become due on or in respect of all Senior Debt, before the holders of subordinated debt securities are entitled to receive any payment or distribution (“Securities Payments”).

Until the Senior Debt is paid in full, any Securities Payment to which the holders of subordinated debt securities would be entitled will be paid or delivered by us or any other person making the payment or distribution, directly to the holders of Senior Debt for application to all of the Senior Debt then due. (Section 1502)

 

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We may not make any payments on the account of the subordinated debt securities, or on account of the purchase or redemption or other acquisition of the subordinated debt securities, if there has occurred and is continuing a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Debt. (Section 1503)

In the event that the subordinated trustee receives any Securities Payment prohibited by the subordination provisions of the subordinated indenture, the payment will be held by the subordinated trustee in trust for the benefit of, and will immediately be paid over upon written request to, the holders of Senior Debt or their representative or representatives, or the trustee or trustees under any applicable indenture for application to the payment of Senior Debt. (Section 1504) The subordination will not prevent the occurrence of any event of default in respect of the subordinated debt securities.

For purposes of the foregoing, “Securities Payments” will be deemed not to include:

 

•

a payment or distribution of our stock or securities provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment authorized by an order or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction in a reorganization proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy law or of any other corporation provided for by such plan of reorganization or readjustment which stock or securities are subordinated in right of payment to all then outstanding Senior Debt to the same extent as, or to a greater extent than, the subordinated debt securities are so subordinated as provided in the subordinated indenture; or

 

•

payments of assets from any defeasance trust which have been on deposit for 90 consecutive days without the occurrence of blockage of payment on any series of subordinated debt securities as described above. (Section 1502)

By reason of the subordination of the subordinated debt securities, in the event of our insolvency, holders of Senior Debt may receive more, ratably, and holders of the subordinated debt securities having a claim pursuant to such securities may receive less, ratably, than our other creditors. There may also be interruption of scheduled interest and principal payments resulting from events of default on Senior Debt.

Certain Definitions

Set forth below are certain defined terms used in the subordinated indenture. Please refer to the subordinated indenture for a full definition of all such terms.

“Junior Subordinated Debt” means any indebtedness for money that we have borrowed, created or evidenced by an instrument which expressly provides that the indebtedness for money borrowed is subordinated in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities.

“Senior Debt” means all indebtedness for money that we have borrowed, except

 

•

indebtedness for money borrowed under the subordinated debt securities and junior subordinated debt securities; and

 

•

indebtedness for money borrowed (including, without limitation, any Junior Subordinated Debt) created or evidenced by an instrument which expressly provides that the indebtedness for money borrowed is subordinated in right of payment to any other indebtedness for money borrowed by us.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing, Senior Debt shall not include:

 

•

any indebtedness for money borrowed incurred for the purchase of goods or materials or for services obtained in the ordinary course of business (other than with the proceeds of revolving credit borrowings permitted by the subordinated indenture). (Section 101)

 

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Global Securities

We may issue a series of debt securities offered by this prospectus, in whole or in part, in the form of one or more global securities, which will have an aggregate principal amount equal to that of the debt securities represented thereby.

Unless it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities it represents, a global security may be transferred only as a whole:

 

•

by the applicable depositary to a nominee of the depositary;

 

•

by any nominee to the depositary itself or another nominee; or

 

•

by the depositary or any nominee to a successor depositary or any nominee of the successor.

We will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement related to a series of debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. We anticipate that the following provisions will generally apply to depositary arrangements for our debt securities.

Each global security will be registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and will be deposited with the depositary or its nominee or a custodian. The global security will bear a legend regarding the restrictions on exchanges and registration of transfer referred to below and any other matters as may be provided in the indenture.

As long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered holder of the global security, the depositary or nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner and holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture. Except in limited circumstances, owners of beneficial interests in a global security:

 

•

will not be entitled to have the global security or any of the underlying debt securities registered in their names;

 

•

will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of any of the underlying debt securities in definitive form; and

 

•

will not be considered to be the owners or holders under the indenture relating to those debt securities.

All payments of principal of and any premium and interest on a global security will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the global security representing these debt securities. The laws of some states require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. These limits and laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in a global security.

Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to institutions that have accounts with the depositary or its nominee, which institutions we refer to as the participants, and to persons that may hold beneficial interests through participants. In connection with the issuance of any global security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective principal amounts of debt securities represented by the global security to the accounts of its participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be shown only on, and the transfer of those ownership interests will be effective only through, records maintained by the depositary and its participants. Payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to beneficial interests in a global security may be subject to various policies and procedures adopted by the depositary from time to time. Neither we, the applicable trustee, nor any of our or the applicable trustee’s agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the depositary’s or any participant’s records relating to, or for payments made on account of, beneficial interests in a global security, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to beneficial interests.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS

The following summary of the general terms and provisions of the securities warrants represented by warrant agreements and warrant certificates that we may offer using this prospectus is only a summary and does not purport to be complete. You must look at the applicable forms of warrant agreement and warrant certificate for a full understanding of the specific terms of any securities warrant. The forms of the warrant agreement and the warrant certificate will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement to which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” for information on how to obtain copies.

A prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the securities warrants offered under that prospectus supplement, including any of the terms in this section that will not apply to those securities warrants, and any special considerations, including tax considerations, applicable to investing in those securities warrants.

General

We may issue securities warrants alone or together with other securities offered by the applicable prospectus supplement. The securities warrants may be issued independently or together with any securities and may be attached to or separate from the securities. Each series of securities warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the securities warrants and will not act as an agent or trustee for any holders or beneficial owners of the securities warrants.

The prospectus supplement relating to any securities warrants we offer will describe the specific terms relating to the offering. These terms may include some or all of the following:

 

•

the offering price;

 

•

the currencies in which the securities warrants will be offered;

 

•

the designation, total principal amount, currencies, denominations and terms of the series of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of the securities warrants;

 

•

the principal amount of the series of debt securities that may be purchased if a holder exercises the securities warrants and the price at which and currencies in which the principal amount may be purchased upon exercise;

 

•

the total number of shares that may be purchased if all of the holders exercise the securities warrants and, in the case of securities warrants for the purchase of shares of preferred stock, the designation, total number and terms of the series of preferred stock that can be purchased upon exercise of the securities warrants;

 

•

the number of shares of preferred stock or common stock that may be purchased if a holder exercises any one securities warrant and the price at which and currencies in which the shares of preferred stock or common stock may be purchased upon exercise;

 

•

the designation and terms of any series of securities with which the securities warrants are being offered, and the number of securities warrants offered with each security;

 

•

the date on and after which the holder of the securities warrants can transfer them separately from the related series of securities;

 

•

the date on which the right to exercise the securities warrants begins and expires;

 

•

the triggering event and the terms upon which the exercise price and the number of underlying securities that the securities warrants are exercisable into may be adjusted;

 

•

whether the securities warrants will be issued in registered or bearer form;

 

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•

the identity of any warrant agent with respect to the securities warrants and the terms of the warrant agency agreement with that warrant agent;

 

•

a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax consequences; and

 

•

any other terms of the securities warrants.

A holder of securities warrants may:

 

•

exchange them for new securities warrants of different denominations;

 

•

present them for registration of transfer, if they are in registered form; and

 

•

exercise them at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Until the securities warrants are exercised, holders of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the underlying securities.

Exercise of Securities Warrants

Each holder of a securities warrant is entitled to purchase the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock or the principal amount of debt securities, as the case may be, at the exercise price described in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the day when the right to exercise terminates (or a later date if we extend the time for exercise), unexercised securities warrants will become void.

Holders of securities warrants may exercise them by

 

•

delivering to the warrant agent the payment required to purchase the underlying securities, as stated in the applicable prospectus supplement;

 

•

properly completing and signing the reverse side of their warrant certificate(s), if any, or other exercise documentation; and

 

•

delivering their warrant certificate(s), if any, or other exercise documentation to the warrant agent within the time specified by the applicable prospectus supplement.

If you comply with the procedures described above, your securities warrants will be considered to have been exercised when warrant agent receives payment of the exercise price. As soon as practicable after you have completed these procedures, we will issue and deliver to you the shares of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, as the case may be, that you purchased upon exercise. If you exercise fewer than all of the securities warrants represented by a warrant certificate, we will issue to you a new warrant certificate for the unexercised amount of securities warrants.

Amendments and Supplements to Warrant Agreements

We may amend or supplement a warrant agreement or warrant certificates without the consent of the holders of the securities warrants if the changes are not inconsistent with the provisions of the securities warrants and do not adversely affect the interests of the holders.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may, from time to time, issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. A prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the units offered under that prospectus supplement, and any special considerations, including tax considerations, applicable to

 

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investing in those units. You must look at the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable unit agreement for a full understanding of the specific terms of any units. The form of unit agreement will be filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement to which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” for information on how to obtain copies.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities or the selling stockholders named herein may sell their common stock from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities or the selling stockholders may sell their common stock, separately or together:

 

•

through one or more underwriters or dealers in a public offering and sale by them;

 

•

through agents; and/or

 

•

directly to one or more purchasers.

We may distribute the securities or the selling stockholders may distribute their common stock from time to time in one or more transactions:

 

•

at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

 

•

at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

 

•

at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

 

•

at negotiated prices.

We or the selling stockholders may solicit directly offers to purchase the respective securities being offered by this prospectus. We or the selling stockholders may also designate agents to solicit offers to purchase the respective securities from time to time. We will name in a prospectus supplement any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities.

If we or the selling stockholders utilize a dealer in the sale of the respective securities being offered by this prospectus, we or the selling stockholders will sell the respective securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.

If we or the selling stockholders utilize an underwriter in the sale of the respective securities being offered by this prospectus, we will execute an underwriting agreement with the underwriter at the time of sale and we will provide the name of any underwriter in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and the underwriter may compensate those dealers in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions.

We will provide in the applicable prospectus supplement any compensation we or the selling stockholders will pay to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of the respective securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof.

 

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The securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than we sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them is repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. The transactions may be discontinued at any time.

We or the selling stockholders may authorize underwriters, dealers or agents to solicit offers by certain purchasers to purchase the respective securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions we pay for solicitation of these contracts.

We or the selling stockholders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or a post-effective amendment to this registration statement. In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business.

LEGAL MATTERS

Dorsey & Whitney LLP will issue a legal opinion as to the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon that report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public through the Internet at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about its public reference facilities and their copy charges.

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. When used in this prospectus, the term “registration statement” includes amendments to the registration statement as well as the exhibits, schedules, financial statements and notes filed as part of the registration statement. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. This prospectus omits information contained in the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and the common stock offered by this prospectus, reference is made to the registration statement. Statements herein concerning the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement, each such statement being qualified by and subject to such reference in all respects.

INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them. This allows us to disclose important information to you by referencing those filed documents. We have previously filed the following documents with the SEC and are incorporating them by reference into this prospectus:

 

•

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011;

 

•

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012;

 

•

Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2012 (only with respect to Item 8.01), February 21, 2012, April 3, 2012 (two reports), April 17, 2012, May 11, 2012 and July 13, 2012; and

 

•

the description of our common stock contained in any registration statement on Form 8-A that we have filed, and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating this description.

We also are incorporating by reference any future information filed (rather than furnished) by us with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and before the effective date of the registration statement and after the date of this prospectus until the termination of the offering. The most recent information that we file with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes more dated information.

You can obtain a copy of any documents which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus or prospectus supplement, except for exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into those documents, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at:

EnteroMedics Inc.

2800 Patton Road

St. Paul, Minnesota 55113

Attention: Secretary

(651) 634-3003

 

49

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

$20,000,000 Common Stock

 

 

Canaccord Genuity

 

 

July 31, 2013