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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

 

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): December 11, 2024

 

RESHAPE LIFESCIENCES INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware 1-37897 26-1828101

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification
Number)

     

18 Technology Drive, Suite 110,

Irvine, CA

 

92618

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
       

 

(949) 429-6680

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Not applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

xWritten communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
  
¨Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
  
¨Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
  
¨Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Class Trading
Symbol
Name of Exchange on which Registered
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share RSLS The Nasdaq Capital Market

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

 

Emerging growth company ¨

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

 

 

 

 

Item 7.01Regulation FD Disclosure.

 

Representatives of ReShape Lifesciences Inc. (the “Company”) and Vyome Therapeutics, Inc. intend to make presentations at investor conferences and in other forums and these presentations may include the information contained in Exhibit 99.1 attached to this Current Report on Form 8-K. A copy of the presentation slides containing such information that may be disclosed by the Company is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this report and the information set forth therein is incorporated herein by reference and constitutes a part of this report.

 

The Company is furnishing the information contained in Exhibit 99.1 pursuant to Regulation FD and Item 7.01 of Form 8-K promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). This information shall not be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

 

The information contained in Exhibit 99.1 is summary information that is intended to be considered in the context of the Company’s SEC filings and other public announcements that the Company may make, by press release or otherwise, from time to time. The Company undertakes no duty or obligation to publicly update or revise the information contained in Exhibit 99.1, although it may do so from time to time as its management believes is warranted. Any such updating may be made through the filing of other reports or documents with the SEC, through press releases or through other public disclosure. By filing this report and furnishing this information, the Company makes no admission as to the materiality of any information contained in this report, including Exhibit 99.1.

 

Additional Information

 

In connection with the proposed merger with Vyome Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Merge”) and sale of assets to Biorad Medisys of an affiliate thereof (the “Asset Sale”), ReShape plans to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and mail or otherwise provide to its stockholders a joint proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant documents in connection with the proposed Merger and Asset Sale. Before making a voting decision, ReShape’s stockholders are urged to read the joint proxy statement/prospectus and any other documents filed by ReShape with the SEC in connection with the proposed Merger and Asset Sale or incorporated by reference therein carefully and in their entirety when they become available because they will contain important information about ReShape, Vyome and the proposed transactions. Investors and stockholders may obtain a free copy of these materials (when they are available) and other documents filed by ReShape with the SEC at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, at ReShape’s website at www.reshapelifesciences.com, or by sending a written request to ReShape at 18 Technology Drive, Suite 110, Irvine, California 92618, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

 

Participants in the Solicitation

 

This document does not constitute a solicitation of proxy, an offer to purchase or a solicitation of an offer to sell any securities of ReShape and its directors, executive officers and certain other members of management and employees may be deemed to be participants in soliciting proxies from its stockholders in connection with the proposed Merger and Asset Sale. Information regarding the persons who may, under the rules of the SEC, be considered to be participants in the solicitation of ReShape’s stockholders in connection with the proposed Merger and Asset Sale will be set forth in joint proxy statement/prospectus if and when it is filed with the SEC by ReShape and Vyome. Security holders may obtain information regarding the names, affiliations and interests of ReShape’s directors and officers in ReShape’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024. To the extent the holdings of ReShape securities by ReShape’s directors and executive officers have changed since the amounts set forth in ReShape’s proxy statement for its most recent annual meeting of stockholders, such changes have been or will be reflected on Statements of Change in Ownership on Form 4 filed with the SEC. Additional information regarding these individuals and any direct or indirect interests they may have in the proposed Merger and Asset Sale will be set forth in the joint proxy statement/prospectus when and if it is filed with the SEC in connection with the proposed Merger and Asset Sale, at ReShape’s website at www.reshapelifesciences.com.

 

 

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

Certain statements contained in this filing may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding the Merger and Asset Sale and the ability to consummate the Merger and Asset Sale. These forward-looking statements generally include statements that are predictive in nature and depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, and include words such as “believes,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “potential,” or similar expressions. Statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and ReShape undertakes no obligation to update any of them publicly in light of new information or future events. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement as a result of various factors, including, without limitation: (1) ReShape may be unable to obtain stockholder approval as required for the proposed Merger and Asset Sale; (2) conditions to the closing of the Merger or Asset Sale may not be satisfied; (3) the Merger and Asset Sale may involve unexpected costs, liabilities or delays; (4) ReShape’s business may suffer as a result of uncertainty surrounding the Merger and Asset Sale; (5) the outcome of any legal proceedings related to the Merger or Asset Sale; (6) ReShape may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; (7) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the Merger Agreement or Asset Purchase Agreement; (8) the effect of the announcement of the Merger and Asset Purchase Agreement on the ability of ReShape to retain key personnel and maintain relationships with customers, suppliers and others with whom ReShape does business, or on ReShape’s operating results and business generally; and (9) other risks to consummation of the Merger and Asset Sale, including the risk that the Merger and Asset Sale will not be consummated within the expected time period or at all. Additional factors that may affect the future results of ReShape are set forth in its filings with the SEC, including ReShape’s most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the SEC, which are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, specifically under the heading “Risk Factors.” The risks and uncertainties described above and in ReShape’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K are not exclusive and further information concerning ReShape and its business, including factors that potentially could materially affect its business, financial condition or operating results, may emerge from time to time. Readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating these forward-looking statements, and not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Readers should also carefully review the risk factors described in other documents that ReShape files from time to time with the SEC. The forward-looking statements in these materials speak only as of the date of these materials. Except as required by law, ReShape assumes no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

 

Item 9.01Financial Statements and Exhibits.

 

(d)            Exhibits.

 

Exhibit No.   Description   Method of Filing
99.1   Investor Presentation Slides   Furnished herewith
104   Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded in the Inline XBRL document).    

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

  ENTEROMEDICS INC.
   
  By: /s/ Paul F. Hickey
    Paul F. Hickey
    Chief Executive Officer

 

Dated: December 11, 2024

 

 

Exhibit 99.1
 

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Vyome A US-India healthcare platform with clinical-stage immuno-inflammation assets PENDING MERGER $RSLS TO $HIND CORPORATE PRESENTATION DECEMBER 2024

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VYOME THERAPEUTICS, INC. (“Vyome”) Any statements contained in this presentation that do not describe historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “will,” and similar expressions, and are based on Vyome’s current beliefs and expectations. These forward-looking statements include expectations regarding Vyome’s development of its drug candidates, including the timing of its clinical trials and regulatory submissions. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such statements. Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially include uncertainties inherent in the conduct of clinical trials, Vyome's reliance on third parties over which it may not always have full control, public health crises, epidemics and pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, including its impact on the timing of Vyome’s regulatory and research and development activities, Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this presentation and are based on information available to Vyome as of the date of this presentation. and Vyome assumes no obligation to, and does not intend to, update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. This presentation also contains estimates and other statistical data made by independent parties and by us relating to market size and other data about our industry. These data involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the markets in which we operate are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk. References to any publications, reports, surveys or articles prepared by third parties should not be construed as depicting the complete findings of the entire publication, report, survey or article. The information in any such publication, report, surveys or article is not incorporated by reference in this presentation. 2

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Vyome is building a 3-pillared healthcare platform in the US-India innovation corridor ..We intend to list on Nasdaq via reverse merger with $RSLS under the ticker $HIND We have invested nearly a decade and millions of dollars to build a set of immuno-inflammatory assets with several 12-24 month catalysts DID YOU KNOW… an ancient name for India $125B+ by 2028* The immuno-inflammatory market is expected to be HIND Cambridge, MA HQ Home to MIT and Harvard 3 *Allied Market Research – Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Market Review

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At Vyome, we are passionate about transforming healthcare based on world-class science & talent leveraging the US-India innovation corridor Pharma Medical devices AI in healthcare VYOME ($RSLS -> $HIND) US INDIA 4 Vyome has a 3-pillar plan and it intends to build, acquire, or partner with assets in each pillar

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1 2 3 Lower-risk biotech assets with significant catalysts in the next 12-24 months Compelling valuation based on comparable transactions; no debt Powerful US-India value capture opportunity at the optimal time • Vyome has been developing Indian research talent for a decade • US-India relationship expected to grow significantly, especially under the Trump-Modi governments, leading to further capital markets and innovation opportunities to capture • Using known drugs for new unmet indications (reduces risk) • Going after indications that offer low regulatory bar for approval (lower cash need) • Large market opportunity with near-term catalysts • A significant discount to a well-supported valuation • No debt and clean capital structure • At the intersection of several positive public investor themes: biotech, innovation, global macro, and emerging markets Why invest in Vyome? We believe we would be the first venture-backed Indo-US biopharma to list on the Nasdaq 5

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US-India special relationship and our positioning unlocks significant capital markets and innovation opportunity Ambassador Frank Wisner Former US Ambassador to India & Vyome Board Member to-be Act on emerging health tech opportunities through deal-making Create cost arbitrage opportunities for capital efficiency Access capital markets looking for plays on US/India innovation 6

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The current biotech assets offer a low-risk way to unlock significant value over the next 12-24 months Malignant Fungating Wound Uveitis (steroid replacement) Inflammatory acne* $2.5B1 Market size $6M Capital required 2027 Potential value inflection timeline $2.6B2 $3M $6.0B3 - (pivotal data) by 2032 2026 Phase 1 by 2028* 2025 Potential partnership deal 1 Based on 60-100K patients in U.S. (10% of ~600K cancer deaths per year in U.S.), and 1M patients globally (10% of ~10M advanced cancer patients). Based on average of 5-15% incidence of cancer patients developing MFW (from The Microbiome, Malignant Fungating Wounds, and Palliative Care. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., November 2019). 2. https://www.imarcgroup.com/uveitis-treatment-market 3. Total global acne market is forecasted to grow to $11.6B by 2028. https://www.marketdataforecast.com/market-reports/acne-medication-market Inflammatory acne comprises over 50% of the acne market. https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/acne-medication-market/ Vyome assets 7

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What is MFW? MFW is a non-healing wound that occurs when cancer breaks through the skin, causing infection and inflammation. Patients suffer from extreme odor, pain, low self-esteem, and social isolation. MFW afflicts ~10%* of terminal cancer patients & generates a strong odor that dramatically impairs quality of life and care for a patient’s final years No approved drug and thus potential orphan designation with faster track to development Why is Vyome best-positioned? Malignant Fungating Wound (MFW) is $1B/year unmet need with no approved drug; the latest data on Vyome’s drug shows strong efficacy1 New data released in December 2024 shows a 75%+ reduction in odor and 50%+ increase in quality of life 60,0002new patients/year $10-20K3 lifetime value per patient US market opportunity ~$1B4/year Vyome’s lead drug has the right mechanism to treat the symptoms of MFW The company will actively engage with the FDA in 2025 as it plans an efficient pivotal trial 8 * The Microbiome, Malignant Fungating Wounds, and Palliative Care. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbial., November 2019, EASED study (2023). 1. Investigator-initiated proof of concept phase 2 clinical study of VT-1953 2 The Microbiome, Malignant Fungating Wounds, and Palliative Care. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbial., November 2019, EASED study (2023) https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21820 3. Average 60 days of treatment needed per patient: (From Kuge et al, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 1995). Total cost per patient: $200 ×60 Days= $12,000.. $200 per day arrived at using the cost of an average gel tube cost and the amount of gel needed per day (Watanabe et al, Support Care Cancer. 2016; 24: 2583–2590), assuming average MFW size of 57cm² (Pen and Dai et al,J of Int. Med Res, 2019 ).. 4. 60K patients multiplied by an average of $16K pricing will come ot ~$1B

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Vyome’s 2 biotech asset areas form a pipeline addressing large unmet markets Use an unmet orphan indication for low-risk and cost-efficient development to open larger opportunities Our strategy Pivotal studies in 2024 MFW A DNA Gyr/MD2-TLR inhibitor Potential FDA filing for MFW in 2027 Topical inflammatory diseases ~$15.8B by 20322 Diabetic foot ulcer ~$6B by 20283 Inflammatory Acne 1. https://www.skyquest.com/report/pressure-ulcers-treatment-market#:~:text=Global%20Pressure%20Ulcers%20Treatment%20Market%20Insights,period%20(2023%2D2030). 2. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/diabetic-ulcers-treatment-market 3 Total global acne market is forecasted to grow to $11.6B by 2028. https://www.marketdataforecast.com/market-reports/acne-medication-market Inflammatory acne comprises over 50% of the acne market. https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/acne-medication-market/ ~$9.5B by 2030¹ Pressure sores ~$8.73Bc by 2033 Post-operative cataract surgery inflammation IMPDH inhibitor Uveitis Potential FDA filing for uveitis in 2029 Steroid replacement for inflammatory ophthalmic diseases ~$13Bb by 2030 Dry-eye-disease ~$4.7Ba by 2030 Scleritis Phase 1 in Q3 2026 ~$2.3Bd by 2031 Blepharitis 9 a. Market Research Future – Scleritis Market. b. Fortune Business Insights – Dry Eye Syndrome Market c. Future Market Insights – Post Operative Cataract Surgery Inflammation Market. d. Business Research Insights – Blepharitis Market Report.

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Vyome is focused on unlocking multiple value inflection points from its core pharma assets over the next 12-24 months MFW Program (anticipated milestones) Uveitis Program (anticipated milestones) Q1 2025 Q2/Q3 2025 Q1 2026 Q2 2026 Q3 2026 Q4 2026 IIT study interim read outs Appointment of CRO for pivotal study. Full readout of IIT study. Pivotal trial protocol approved by FDA First patient recruitment 25% of patient recruitment completed 50% of patient recruitment completed 75% recruitment completed 100% recruitment completed Pivotal study Readouts Q4 2024 Pre-IND meeting, IIT study start Pre-IND Tox Tox, CMC IND filing First patient recruitment Last patient Anticipated close recruitment of Nasdaq reverse-merger Key catalysts FDA approval of Phase 1 & 2 study protocol Q2 2026 Study Readouts Q1 2027 10

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Vyome has a compelling entry valuation, no debt, and a narrative appealing to several types of investors merger valuation $120M market comparables valuation $400M+ debt $0M Themes investors allocate 4 Healthcare India Innovation Global macro 11

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Notes: Stage / Phase, Modality, and Market Size refer to that of the Company’s Lead Program / Platform. 1) Vyome market capitalization is based on the implied value attributed to the Company in the reverse merger process. Additional sources: Company websites, press releases, presentations, reports, and filings, FactSet market data as of 11/01/2024. Lead Indication Stage / Phase Market Size Program Stages Market Cap ($MM) Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer Phase 1/2 ~$13B (2023) 3 clinical 0 pre-clinical $134 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Phase 2 ~$7B (2023) 1 clinical 0 pre-clinical $198 Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) Phase 1/2 ~1.3B (2023) 1 clinical 5 pre-clinical $529 Psoriasis Phase 2 ~$25B (2023) 3 clinical 2 pre-clinical $534 Severe Asthma, CRSwNP, & COPD Phase 2 ~7.5B (2023) 3 clinical 0 pre-clinical $1,271 Myasthenia Gravis & Thyroid Eye Disease Phase 3 ~$4B (2023) 4 clinical 1 pre-clinical $4,314 ~$3B (Current) 2 clinical 1 pre-clinical $120 Malignant fun gating wound Phase 2 (1) Denotes aspirational comparable company 12 Public Comparables Average Market Cap. of $419M (not including Immunovant) Inflammation & Immunology Market Players

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Notes: 1) Represents the market capitalizations on the trading day before it was announced that each respective company was to be acquired, unless otherwise noted. 2) Vyome market capitalization is based on the implied value attributed to the Company in the reverse merger process. 3) Landos Biopharma’s market capitalization represents the aggregate transaction value of the Company’s pending acquisition by AbbVie at $20.42 per share in cash upon closing (~$137.5MM) plus one non-tradable contingent value right per share with a value of up to $11.14 per share (an additional ~$75MM), subject to the achievement of a clinical development milestone. 4) Escient Pharmaceutical’s market capitalization represents the aggregate transaction cost that Incyte acquired the Company and its assets for plus its net cash remaining at the close of the transaction, subject to customary adjustments. Additional sources: Company websites, press releases, presentations, reports, and filings, FactSet market data. Inflammatory bowel disease Phase 2 ~$30B (Current) 1 clinical 0 pre-clinical $5,419 Lead Indication Stage / Phase Market Size Program Stages Market Cap ($MM) Atopic dermatitis Phase 2 ~$9.3B (2023) 2 clinical 0 pre-clinical $750 ~$3B (Current) 2 clinical 1 pre-clinical $120 Ulcerative colitis Phase 2 ~$9B (2031) 1 clinical 3 pre-clinical $213 Inflammatory bowel disease Phase 2 ~$30B (Current) 1 clinical 0 pre-clinical $1,595 Ulcerative colitis Phase 3 ~$9B (2031) 4 clinical 1 pre-clinical $3,063 Systemic lupus erythematosus Phase 2 ~$3B (2025) 2 clinical 2 pre-clinical $2,553 Psoriasis Phase 2 ~$25B (2023) 1 clinical 3 pre-clinical $1,616 Malignant fun gating wound Phase 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) Denotes private company at time of acquisition 13 Precedent M&A Comparables Acquired Inflammation & Immunology Market Players Average Market Cap. of $2.8B (includes Morphic, DICE, Alpine, Arena, Prometheus) and Transaction Price of $482M (includes Landos and Escient)

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Vyome has an ideal team to execute its plan Deep expertise in building and scaling companies; scientific thought leaders in drug development; extensive US-India crossborder experience Dr. S Sengupta,Ph.D Venkat Nelabhotla Krishna Gupta Mohanjit Jolly Co-Founder CEO & Co-Founder Chairman Board Member Associate Prof. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Expert in drug discovery AIIMS Gold Medalist Board member of Famygen, acquired by Viatris for $300M 25+ yrs of business experience Led and scaled $1+ billion companies in the healthcare & life sciences space Ex-CEO at Emami $2.5B company CEO of Remus Capital Contrarian investor at Presto, Allurion, EquipmentShare, Ginger Experienced at McKinsey & JPM 2 BS degrees from MIT Founding partner at Iron Pillar Served as a Partner at Draper Fisher Jurvetson for 9 years Partner at Garage Tech Ventures MBA from The Anderson School, B.S. and M.S. from MIT Board of The SETI Institute 14

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Disclaimer This Presentation has been provided to you by Chardan Capital Markets, LLC ( “Chardan”) and may not be used or relied upon for any purpose without the written consent of Chardan. The information contained herein (the “Information”) is confidential. By accepting this Information, you agree that you and your directors, partners, officers, employees, attorney(s), agents and representatives agree to use it for informational purposes only and will not divulge any such Information to any other party. Reproduction of this Information, in whole or in part, is prohibited. These contents are proprietary and a product of Chardan. The Information contained herein is not an offer to buy or sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any corporate advisory services or security or to participate in any corporate advisory services or trading strategy. Any decision regarding corporate advisory services or to invest in the investments described herein should be made after, as applicable, reviewing such definitive offering memorandum, conducting such investigations as you deem necessary and consulting the investor’s own investment, legal, accounting and tax advisors in order to make an independent determination of the suitability and consequences of an investment or service. The information used in preparing these materials may have been obtained from or through you or your representatives or from public sources. Chardan assumes no responsibility for independent verification of such information and has relied on such information being complete and accurate in all material respects. To the extent such information includes estimates and/or forecasts of future financial performance (including estimates of potential cost savings and synergies) prepared by or reviewed or discussed with the managements of your company and/or other potential transaction participants or obtained from public sources, we have assumed that such estimates and forecasts have been reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of such managements (or, with respect to estimates and forecasts obtained from public sources, represent reasonable estimates). Chardan has no obligation (express or implied) to update any or all of the Information or to advise you of any changes; nor do we make any express or implied warranties or representations as to the completeness or accuracy or accept responsibility for errors. Nothing contained herein should be construed as tax, accounting or legal advice. You (and each of your employees, representatives or other agents) may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the transactions contemplated by these materials and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to you relating to such tax treatment and structure. For this purpose, the tax treatment of a transaction is the purported or claimed US federal income tax treatment of the transaction and the tax structure of a transaction is any fact that may be relevant to understanding the purported or claimed US federal income tax treatment of the transaction. 15